Chemical Engineering Unit Catalogue

CHEL0001: Transport phenomena & material & energy balances 1

Semester 1

Credits: 10

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 1

Assessment: EX60 PR30 CW10

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To introduce fluid flow and momentum transfer in pipes, channels and various devices and fittings. To discuss the principles of turbulent flow and flow measurement along with the physical pr operties of fluids. To introduce the mechanisms and modes of heat transfer, heat transfer situations and heat transfer equipment. To introduce students to the principles and practices of steady state and unsteady state material and energy balancing and to the concept of formulating flowsheets. The subject matter will cover single component/multicomponent, single phase/multiphase sy stems with or without reaction. After successfully completing this module the student should:
* understand the principles of fluid flow and momentum transfer and
* understand the mechanisms and modes of heat transfer.
* be able to formulate and manually solve material and energy balances for process systems which may include multicomponent streams, phase changes, simple reactions, recycle, purge, by-pass and mixing.
Content:
Fluids
* types of fluid - Newtonian and non-Newtonian
* Bernoulli, continuity and momentum equations
* application of basic equations
* pressure drop and power requirement
* pressure drop in pipes and fittings
* laminar and turbulent flow
* flow measurement using pitot tube, orifice and venturi meters
* flow in channels
* compressible flow Heat Transfer
* heat transfer mechanisms
* introduction to conduction, thermal resistances in series and parallel, conduction through cylindrical walls
* introduction to convection, film theory, heat transfer coefficient correlations
* introduction to radiation, radiation between surfaces, furnace design
* heat exchangers, types, construction, design Mass and Energy Balances
* units, molar concentrations, mass and molar flowrates
* material balances on non-reacting systems; steady-state and transient, batch and continuous processes, systematic approach, multiple units
* material balances on recycle and by-pass streams; concept of the flowsheet
* material balances on reacting systems and purge flows
* material balances for multiphase systems
* conservation of energy; interchange of energy and work
* energy balances on closed and open (flow) systems at steady-state and unsteady-state
* enthalpy and sources of data; state properties and process paths; multicomponent streams, phase changes, mixing and solution, humidification
* energy balances on single and multiphase systems with and without reaction; adiabatic, non-adiabatic and isothermal processes; incomplete conversion, excess reactants and presence of inerts; combustion calculations


CHEL0002: Communications 1

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 1

Assessment: OR100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To provide an introduction to the use of computers including both the operating system and a number of useful software packages.
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Content:
the skills required for communication
* report writing
* teamwork
* oral presentation
* cv preparation
* Computing: Introduction to the IBM PC and windows operating system; Introduction to a spreadsheet package and its use in data manipulation and presentation; Introduction to a word processing package and its use for document and programme preparatio n; Introduction to e-mail and the World Wide Web


CHEL0004: Reaction engineering & engineering thermodynamics 1

Semester 2

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 1

Assessment: EX60 CW10 OT30

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To provide an introduction to the principles of reaction kinetics and their applications to chemical and biochemical reactors. To provide students with an appreciation of heat and mechanical work applications. After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* understand the basic principles of reaction engineering; reaction order; rate law; half life and stoichiometric tables
* be able to perform simultaneous mass and energy balances on adiabatic reactors
* be able to apply the Arrhenius equation to calculate the activation energy and specific reaction rate
* be able to carry out basis isothermal reactor designs
* appreciate the role of various reactors in chemical and biochemical processes.
* understand that heat and work are interconvertible,
* appreciate the limitations and capabilities of systems that exchange heat and do work,
* understand the limitations on converting heat into work,
* be able to solve elementary problems relating to the performance of steam power and refrigeration plant,
* be able to calculate the available energy (exergy) of an operating plant.
*
Content:
Order of reaction and analysis of kinetic rate equations
* Arrhenius equation and simple collision theory
* Absolute rate theory and interpretation of rate data
* Reactor material balances: batch, continuous and plug
* Applications of traditional chemical interpretations to biochemical processes
* Basic reactor designs: batch, CSTR, plug flow
* Heats of reaction and formation; standard heats of reaction and formation; exothermic and endothermic reactions; Hess's law
* Energy balances on reactive systems; examples of isothermal and non-isothermal processes
* Heat of combustion, calorific values. Energy balances for combustion. Adiabatic flame temperature
* Simultaneous mass and energy balances on reactors. Adiabatic reactors
* First Law for closed and open systems and its applications
* Internal energy, enthalpy, and heat capacities
* relationship between heat and work
* reversibility and irreversibility
* Carnot's principle and the second law of thermodynamics
* thermodynamic Carnot and Rankine cycles


CHEL0005: Separation processes 1

Semester 2

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 1

Assessment: EX80 PR20

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To introduce some of the basic concepts behind the design and operation of separation processes in general, and provide a more detailed treatment of distillation, solvent extraction and crysta llisation in particular. After successfully completing this course the student should:
* have an understanding of the fundamental principles of phase equilibria;
* have an understanding of material and energy balances and how they can be combined with equilibrium relationships in order to describe separation processes;
* be able to use this understanding in order to prepare elementary designs of the following stage-wise separation process operations: binary distillation, solvent extraction, crystallisation;
* understand the basic concepts behind membrane technology and adsorption processes.
Content:
Fundamentals:
* Thermodynamic relationships
* Vapour/liquid equilibria
* Liquid/liquid equilibria
* Solid/gas, solid/liquid equilibria
* Concepts of single-stage and multi-stage contacting
* Development of mass and energy balances Unit Operations:
* Distillation
* Solvent extraction
* Crystallisation
* Adsorption
* Membranes


CHEL0006: Design project 1

Semester 2

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 1

Assessment: CW90 OR10

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
Students having successfully completed this module will have acquired further abilities in working in teams, including division of labour, intra-team communication, time management and plannin g. Students will have experience in solving an open-ended problem, and have learnt how to synthesize material learnt from many courses in solving a real-life problem. Students will appreciate the opportunities to exercise creativity in engineering soluti ons. Experience in oral presentation of results to outside parties will be gained.
Content:
The design project requires students to specify how a limited supply of reaction vessels, driers, heat exchangers, pumps and storage vessels can be used to produce a specified product mix using a series of recipes for the manufact ure of several types of starch. Students will work in teams of 4 or 5 and each team will be asked to produce a schedule for a different product mix.


CHEL0007: Engineering applications 1

Semester 2

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 1

Assessment: CW100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To provide instruction and practice in techniques of engineering experimentation. To expose students to items of process equipment After successfully completing this unit the student should be able to:
* describe the operation of relatively large equipment (pilot evaporator).
* design and construct experimental equipment. (pumping circuit)
* estimate the accuracy of experimental data and calculated results. (pumping circuit + flow measurement)
* schedule experimental work to meet imposed deadlines.
* compare and evaluate different measurement techniques (flow measurement) and methods of operation (mass transfer).
* locate specific items (e.g. valves) on equipment from a PID diagram of the equipment. (pilot evaporator).
Content:
Four experiments will be carried out: pumping circuit, flow measurement, mass transfer in bubble columns, pilot evaporator.


CHEL0008: Biology & fermentation

Semester 2

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 1

Assessment: EX80 PR20

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To introduce aspects of biology and fermentation that enable us to exploit microorganism systems in order to develop useful products and processes (e.g. enzymes, alcohol, effluent treatment, p harmaceuticals and food stuffs). After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* have an understanding of the importance of biological systems in the modern process industries;
* be aware of the different types and classifications of organisms which exist in the microbial kingdom;
* understand the basic chemistry, structure and function of the main classes of biochemicals;
* have a basic understanding of the role of DNA and genetics in regulating biological activity, and how DNA can be manipulated to produce "new" processes and products;
* be aware of the major internal structures in microbial cells and their functions;
* understand that enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of biochemical reactions, and how these reactions are regulated;
* have a basic knowledge of at least two commercial bio-processes.
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Content:
Introduction to biochemical processes and the types of product that are currently produced on industrial scale.
* Classification of organisms within the microbial kingdom, and the types of compounds which they require for growth or which they can produce as products.
* Basic chemistry, structure and function of these biochemical compounds.
* The role of DNA and genetics in regulation of metabolic and microbial activity, and its significance in modern biotechnology.
* Basic structure of microbial cells, including intra-cellular structures and their biological function.
* The role of enzymes in regulation and catalysis of biochemical reactions.
* Case studies of selected commercial bioprocesses, e.g. sewage treatment, alcoholic beverage production, cheese production, antibiotic production, food processing etc


CHEL0010: Particle technology

Semester 2

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 2

Assessment: EX85 PR15

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To give students an introduction to the behaviour of particulate systems within a broad range of applications. After successfully completing this unit the student should be able to:
* characterise particles by size, shape, and size distribution,
* calculate drag forces using standard correlations and determine particle trajectories,
* calculate terminal and equilibrium velocities for single particles and design and evaluate classifiers, elutriators and centrifuges,
* calculate sedimentation velocities for suspensions,
* calculate pressure drop in packed beds, describe the basic fluidisation phenomena,
* describe techniques for the storage and conveyance of particles and associated hazards,
* calculate filter performance for constant pressure and rate operation,
* describe the behaviour of fine particles and the electrical and surface effects that cause this behaviour.
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Content:
Formation and characterisation of dispersed phases
* Crushing and grinding
* Fluid mechanics applied to deformable and non-deformable dispersed phases
* Settler thickener design: precipitation and coalescence
* Centrifugation: disk; decanter; solid bowl types
* Packed and fluidised beds
* Filtration
* Pneumatic and hydraulic conveying and other methods of transport for solids and slurries
* Colloids and emulsions
* Agglomeration and flocculation


CHEL0012: Industrial placement

Academic Year

Credits: 60

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 2

Assessment: RT100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To consolidate and complement the theoretical content of the University courses in Chemical Engineering with practical experience of industrial activity and practice in the process, bio-proces s and related industries. To encourage self development. To promote self confidence.


CHEL0016: Engineering thermodynamics 2

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 2

Assessment: EX90 CW10

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To complete the teaching of core chemical engineering thermodynamics. After successfully completing this unit the student should
* understand the significance of and the means for estimating K values,
* be able to estimate physical properties of pure components and mixtures(with the aid of reference material),
* be aware of the need to question the validity of techniques used to estimate properties, especially when using computer packages,
* be able to apply the first and second laws of thermodynamics to solve problems of power cycles, compressors and refrigeration.
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Content:
Prediction of physical properties and non-ideal vapour liquid equilibria, The determination of K values
* PVT relations, Equations of state: Van Der Waals, Redlich-Kwong, Benedict-Webb-Rubin, Virial equation, Compressibility factor , Pitzer's correlation
* Mixture combination rules
* Heat capacity of gases and liquids, Enthalpy and entropy as a function of temperature and pressure
* Standard heat of reaction, Maxwell's relations, Chemical potential, Gibbs-Duhem equation
* Fugacity, fugacity coefficient and fugacity in a mixture, Activity coefficient in liquid phase
* Excess thermodynamic functions, extension of binary experimental data to multi-component systems
* Steam and gas turbine power plant
* Refrigeration
* Compressors and expanders
* Nozzles and diffusers


CHEL0017: Biochemistry & electrical engineering

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 2

Assessment: EX30 ES10 PR10 OT50

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
Biochemistry To give an introduction to the principles of biochemistry and how they influence the behaviour of biochemical processes. Electrical Engineering To provide a background from which to appreciate the role of electrical and electronic technology in chemical engineering.
Content:
Biochemistry
* Biochemical thermodynamics
* Coupling o degradative and synthetic reactions
* Introduction to metabolic pathways: regulations and control
* Concepts of membrane transport and its influence in cell growth
* Introduction to biochemical techniques and their potential for transfer to large scale. Electrical Engineering
* Ohm's law
* Kirchoff's laws
* Faraday's law
* Passive and active components
* Impedance
* DC and AC circuit theory
* Single and three phase power systems
* AC/DC conversion techniques
* Transformers and simple AC and DC machines
* Semi-conductors and semi-conductor devices
* Amplifiers, gates and memories
* Simple analogue and digital circuits
* A to D and D to A converters
* Transducers
* Instrumentation, computers and applications
* Interfacing real time data acquisition and data transmission
* Safety in hazardous environments: Zener barriers, intrinsic safety, area classification and codes of practice


CHEL0018: Transport phenomena 2

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 2

Assessment: EX80 PR20

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To explain the underlying phenomena, design methods and principles for heat exchangers and also to introduce the Navier-Stokes equation along with basic laminar boundary theory. After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be able to apply the continuity and the momentum equations along with basic laminar boundary theory to moving fluids,
* understand the mechanisms of heat and mass transfer by natural and forced convection,
* be able to perform outline design calculations for shell and plate and spiral heat exchangers,
* appreciate different types of condenser and reboilers and their application
* be able to apply heat transfer theory to the design of reboilers and condensers.
*
Content:
General equations of continuity and motion: applications, including order of magnitude analysis
* Inviscid flow, including 2-D potential flow
* Introduction to boundary layer flow: definition of boundary layer thickness, simple form of the momentum equation and approximate solution for a laminar boundary layer
* Separation and wake formation
* Flow at entry to a pipe
* Natural convection, including dimensional analysis and correlations for heat transfer
* Heat losses from pipes
* Forced convection: simple models and mechanisms, including Reynold's and film models
* j factor analogy
* Simultaneous transfer of heat and mass
* Heat exchanger selection and design, including various single phase units


CHEL0020: Communications 2 & further engineering applications

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 2

Assessment: PR70 OR30

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To provide instruction and practice in techniques of engineering experimentation. To promote the application of the engineering principles covered in the lectures which have not been addressed in other practical work earlier in the course. To enhance the students' ability to communicate through the written and spoken word by practice in individual and team exercises. After successfully completing this unit the student should be able to:
* write procedures for safe working practices
* critically analyse data of variable quality from a variety of sources
Content:
Interview skills · Working in teams in industry The students will complete the following assignments in groups:
*· BP Business Game - CD ROM based interactive computer business game;
* Work Permit for Heat Exchanger + Dismantle/Reassemble Plate Heat Exchanger;
*· COSHH / Risk Assessments for Fermentation & Heat Exchanger;
*· Fermentation Experiment;
*· Heat Exchanger Experiment;
*· Analyse pooled class data from Fermentation Experiment;
*· Analyse pooled class data from Heat Exchanger Experiment;


CHEL0021: Process design 1

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 2

Assessment: OT100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To deal with the philosophy and methods of process development and design i.e. the formulation of the problems, development and evaluation of alternatives solutions based on technological requ irements, economics, environmental and safety considerations and legislation. To consider safety and loss prevention with an introduction to the methods used in loss prevention i.e. 6 stages of assessment. To use a considerable number of case studies. After successfully completing the module, the student should be able to produce a solution to a design problem:
* taking into account the problem specification, the raw material requirements, energy requirements and simple energy integration for the design, codes of practise, standards and legislation,
* producing flow sheets, mass and energy balances, simple instrumentation and control algorithms,
* performing a capital costing based on factored estimates and an approximate manufacturing cost based on energy, utilities and raw material costs and including a sensitivity analysis. The student should also be able to:
* Perform a literature search on a specialist topic using modern computer-aided methods
* Prepare a review of the literature in a critical manner
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Content:
Introduction to optimisation of systems
* Accounting for uncertainty in data
* Designing for future developments
* Codes of Practice and British Standards for design
* Case studies for detection and evaluation of hazards, Introduction to HAZOP with case study
* DOW or MOND Fire and Explosion Index, HAZAN studies and the implications of Risk
* Maintenance, Work permit systems
* Preventing emergencies in Process Industry and planning for handling emergencies.
* Designing for Inherent safety
* Introduction to various codes of practice: BSS's, legislation relating design and processing, COSHH regulations, CEMA regulations, Electricity Regulations.


CHEL0023: Reaction engineering 2

Semester 2

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 2

Assessment: EX80 PR10 CW10

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To provide students with the ability to produce process engineering designs of ideal reactors where the rate of reaction is controlled by chemical kinetics. After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be able to complete problems on heterogeneous catalytic reactors if they are supplied with global rate data.
* be able to apply a reaction engineering analysis to the controlled growth of micro-organisms in biological reactors.
* be able to use global or homogeneous kinetic expressions to formulate material and energy balances for batch, CSTR and plug flow reactors that exhibit ideal behaviour with reversible and multiple reaction steps.
* understand the essential features that control microorganism growth and design fermenters for batch, fed-batch and continuous cultivation.
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Content:
Basic reactor designs: batch; CSTR; plug flow
* Application of stoichiometric tables
* Chemical equilibrium
* Definition of reaction rate; elementary reactions, and temperature dependence
* Mass and energy balances developed for ideal batch, CSTR and plug flow reactors
* Ideal batch reactor: constant volume, variable volume, variable temperature and pressure.
* Expansion factor: irreversible and reversible reactions.
* Performance comparison between batch, CSTR and plug flow.
* Optimisation: multiple reaction; parallel; series; series-parallel; selectivity and yield; optimum temperature; isothermal, adiabatic and non-adiabatic modes of operation; multiple reactions temperature effects
* Heterogeneous kinetics
* Microorganism growth kinetics and kinetics of product formation
* The effects of environmental variable such as Ph and temperature on performance.


CHEL0024: Basic process management & economics

Semester 2

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 2

Assessment: EX100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To give a basic understanding of the economic parameters and methods for evaluating the costs and profitability of engineering projects, and the legal framework in which companies have to oper ate. After successfully completing this unit the student should be able to:
* make quick engineering estimates of chemical plant equipment and manufacturing costs,
* determine the profitability of simple projects using traditional and cash flow techniques,
* describe the legal framework in which companies are required to operate.
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Content:
Interest relationships, Discount formulas
* Sources of investment capital. Profit and cash flow relationships. Payback period.
* Contribution and variable costing. Break-even production diagrams.
* Basis for rate of return concept, Minimum acceptable rate of return, risk factor.
* Profitability methods based on cash flow: cumulative cash flow curves, determination of NPV, DCF rate of return, EMIP, IRR, discounted break-even point.
* Capital cost estimation: short-cut methods e.g. ratio methods, use of cost indices, factored estimates, computerised cost estimation; introduction to detailed cost estimation, scale-up
* Manufacturing cost estimating: short cut methods and scale-up
* Optimal costing methods, incremental costing and profitability.
* Common / statute law with examples in Health & Safety at Work & Environmental Protection Act; structure of the courts
* law of contract, law of agency, sale of goods, law of partnership,
* joint stock companies: memorandum; articles of association; shares; debentures; board of directors
* commercial arbitration, trade union law, restrictive trade practices
* contract of service: duties of employer and employee


CHEL0026: Separation processes 2

Semester 2

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 2

Assessment: EX90 PR10

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To introduce the concepts and terminology associated with mass transfer and show the importance of mass transfer using chemical engineering examples and draw analogies with heat transfer. To p rovide an overview of the processes of distillation and evaporation for separating two or more components. After successfully completing this unit the student should: · understand steady and unsteady state mass transfer models
*· be able to design mass transfer controlled unit operations and assess their performance
*· understand equilibrium controlled unit operations and be able to assess their performance
*· understand the use of graphical techniques in determining the performance of distillation columns
*· be able to describe distillation column control schemes and unsteady state operation effects
*· understand the concepts underlying the performance of tubular evaporators and be able to design single and multiple effect evaporators with different methods of feeding
Content:
Fick's law: equimolar and single component mass transfer across a fixed boundary layer
*· Use of dimensionless groups: characterisation of the effect of flow on mass transfer
*· Distillation, absorption and liquid-liquid extraction
*· Main models for a mass-transfer coefficient: i.e. the two-film, penetration and Higbie-Danckwerts
*· Simple correlations for mass transfer coefficients and their limitations.
*· Distillation: choice of operating pressure, azeotropic and extractive distillation
*· Solution methods for distillation with binary mixtures
*· Batch distillation: calculations and control
*· Multi-component distillation: short-cut methods, Economic and control considerations
*· Design of multi-stage contacting equipment, especially selection and design of distillation trays
*· Evaporation: examples of use, single and multiple effect, energy considerations
*· Introduction to Supercritical fluid extraction, phase diagrams, systems used and applications


CHEL0028: Chemical reaction engineering 3

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 3

Assessment: EX90 CW10

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To give a critical analysis of chemical and physical interactions in catalytic processes, to introduce analysis tools and models for a variety of reactors employing catalysts in solid form and to present the basis and value of residence time distribution (RTD) techniques. After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be able to analyse reaction, mass transfer effects and deactivation in catalytic processes
* understand how to analyse and design a wide variety of reactors
* understand and be able to apply residence time distribution techniques
Content:
steps in catalytic reactions
* rate expressions for catalytic reactions: Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Ely-Rideal
* mass transfer in catalysis
* catalyst deactivation and regeneration
* analysis of reactor types: fixed bed, fluidised bed, slurry, monolith
* residence time distribution techniques and application to CSTR and PF reactors
* non-ideal flow models: partial stagnation, by-pass, short-circuiting, segregated flow, CSTR and PF reactors in series and parallel, laminar flow and axial dispersion models


CHEL0029: Biochemical reaction engineering 3

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 3

Assessment: EX90 CW10

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To provide an understanding of the various biological, reactor and process plant strategies that can be employed to produce biochemicals in a controllable and predictable process through the e xploitation of bacteria, yeast and higher organisms. After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be aware of the importance of biological considerations when assessing reactor strategies
* understand how and why when culturing living organisms, the predicted theoretical results often vary from those achieved in practice
* be able to assess and design a reactor for cell growth or to carry out an enzyme reaction.
Content:
Revision of basic microbial metabolism, stoichiometry and energetics
* Power consumption and mixing in a stirred tank fermenter
* Oxygen transfer during a fermentation.
* Shear in fermenters.
* Micro-organism growth kinetics.
* Animal cell culture systems.
* Enzyme reactor kinetics.
* Cultivation of genetically modified organisms, improving reactor performance through genetics
* Sterile system design, biosafety and containment.


CHEL0030: Chemical separation processes 3

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 3

Assessment: EX100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To introduce students to the principles and practices involved in the selection and sequencing of complex separations, advance students' understanding of the principles and practices of multic omponent distillation, and introduce students to the roles of adsorptive and membrane methods as advanced separation processes for gas and liquid phase systems. After successfully completing this module, students should be able to understand the principles and practices, and to carry out calculations on the following: the selection and sequencing of separation processes, the design and operation of adsorptive- an d membrane-based separation processes, and the design and operation of multistage multicomponent distillation.
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Content:
Selection and evaluation of alternative separation process routes and sequences
* Selective adsorption; adsorbent materials, equilibria, kinetics; batch, cyclic and continuous processes
* Column dynamics; dilute, isothermal, equilibrium plug flow, axial dispersion, constant pattern
* Examples drawn from pressure swing and thermal swing separations of gases and liquids
* Membrane processes, modules and applications in the process industries
* Microfiltration and analysis of fouling in porous systems; design of reverse osmosis
* Principles and design of separation for gas separation and pervaporation membranes
* Electrodialysis and related operations
* Multicomponent vapour-liquid equilibria, bubble and dew points, flash calculations
* Design considerations for multicomponent fractionation; stagewise design for multicomponent distillation
* Advances in distillation technology


CHEL0031: Biochemical separation processes 3

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 3

Assessment: EX90 CW10

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To introduce the main unit operations used in the separation of materials of biological origin. To provide an understanding of the role of each operation within a multi-unit process and how th is is influenced by the properties of the process stream. To introduce and explore the use of quantitative performance equations for design purposes. After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be aware of the main separation techniques available and how their choice is dependent on the nature of the bioproduct to be produced,
* be able to sequence a series of unit operations on the basis of their capacity and selectivity,
* be able to formulate quantitative design equations for sizing purposes (centrifuge, membrane, adsorber and chromatographic separator).
* understand how process data can be used to optimise the performance of a bioseparation sequence.
*
Content:
Properties of biochemicals which influence choice and availability of methods.
* Cell recovery. Influence of cell morphology and media composition. Cell disruption.
* General introduction to membranes, materials of construction and modes of operation. Flux in UF/MF effects of concentration, pressure, temperature. Enhancement by hydrodynamic techniques.
* Chromatographic separations, review of techniques available
* Batch adsorption, prediction of equilibrium adsorbed design based on isotherm data
* Design of adsorption columns. Simplified models based on equilibrium assumption, kinetic models with and without an assessment of mass transfer coefficients. Prediction of breakthrough.
* Aqueous two phase extraction, field flow fractionation, electrophoresis
* Protein refolding systems and applications of genetic engineering to downstream processing
* Optimisation of separation process sequences, quantification of purity/recovery


CHEL0032: Process control 3

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 3

Assessment: EX60 CW40

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To give students a wider appreciation of process control system applications and understanding of the design techniques, analysis and procedures for safe plant operation. It will introduce th e techniques of signal analysis, filters, data acquisition and digital control. The particular requirements of instrumentation and control of bioprocess systems will be covered. After successfully completing this unit the student should be able to:
* determine the limits to stability of linear systems, also certain non-linear systems, and use frequency response techniques to design PID loops,
* apply signal analysis and sampling techniques to obtain dynamic information for process identification,
* solve noise problems with the aid of appropriate filters and devise digital control solutions,
* assess the instrumentation and control requirements of bioprocess systems.
*
Content:
Linearisation and state space representation
* Stability of feedback systems: Routh array, root locus (CODAS)
* Frequency response: Bode diagrams, Nyquist plots, gain and phase margin
* Advanced control strategies: Smith predictor, multiloop, feedforward control
* Fourier series, sampled data systems, z-operator, sampling intervals
* Analogue and digital filters: Butterworth, Chebychev, IIR, FIR
* Digital control: z-transform, PID, deadbeat controllers
* PLC's, ladder networks
* Bioprocess control: instrumentation, control strategies. Case studies: on-line mass balancing, model-based FBC/FFC, multiproduct fermentation.


CHEL0033: Transport phenomena 3

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 3

Assessment: EX100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To introduce students to the principles and practices involved in selected areas of transport phenomena, to advance students' understanding of the principles of complex single phase flow, and to introduce students to the principles and applications of multiphase flows. After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* understand a wide variety of non-Newtonian behaviour and carry out basic calculations,
* gain an appreciation of viscous and turbulent flows including secondary flows,
* understand momentum, thermal and mass transfer behaviour in boundary layers and carry out basic calculations and understand gas-liquid flows in pipes and mixing reactors,
* understand multiphase flow in petroleum reservoirs and methods of enhanced oil recovery,
* gain an appreciation of the wide/extensive importance of fluid flow fundamentals for non-Newtonian, multiphase and petroleum reservoir applications,
* carry out 1-D calculations of pressure drop and gas holdup for gas-liquid flows.
*
Content:
Non-newtonian fluids including Bingham plastics
* Application of Navier-Stokes equation
* Simple models for turbulent flow including universal velocity profile
* Prandtl-Taylor analogy, calculation of 1/7th power law
* Approximation for turbulent boundary layer, introduction to thermal and diffusion boundary layers
* Two-phase (gas-liquid) flow: flow patterns, basic equations and nomenclature
* Lockhart-Martinelli correlation
* Multiphase mixing reactors
* Introduction to petroleum reservoir engineering. Secondary and enhanced oil recovery methods.
* Multiphase flow in reservoir porous media
* EOR: gas injection processes and thermal recovery methods


CHEL0034: Advanced process management & economics

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 3

Assessment: EX100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To extend understanding of the economic evaluation of engineering projects, particularly involving the treatment of uncertainties using statistical methods. To gain a wider perspective of the business environment in which companies have to operate, from the practitioner's viewpoint of company structure, legal framework, financial control, marketing, project management, corporate and R & D strategy. After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be able to use various methods for the economic evaluation of projects
* be able to read a company report and balance sheet; maintain control during a project of costs incurred using financial information available
* know how a project is planned and the principles of critical path scheduling,
* know models of company structure and operating style and how employees are managed
* know the legal framework in which companies, unions and employees operate; the major constraints imposed on them through legislation and how it is developed, enabled and enforced
* understand corporate strategies for long term planning; the role of R & D and innovation
* understand importance of marketing, total quality and customer needs.
*
Content:
Feasibility analysis; interest and inflation rates
* Comparison of net present value, B/C, IRR. Cash flow techniques. Sensitivity analysis.
* Effect of uncertainty on forecasts and decision making
* Cumulative probability curves
* Monte Carlo simulation, decision trees
* Bayes strategies; critical path methods
* Total quality; marketing; legal aspects (contracts, patents, European law); project management
* Company accounts; R & D/marketing interface, employee relations


CHEL0035: General

Semester 2

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 3

Assessment: OR100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To explore the wider role of the Chemical Engineer in society. After successfully completing this unit the student should be able to:
* make a reasoned and informed response to matters of general concern related to the practice of Chemical Engineering.

Content:
A seminar programme delivered by chemical engineering practitioners and researchers. The student is required to submit two essays during semester two, in preparation for the oral examination.


CHEL0038: Experimental project

Semester 2

Credits: 10

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 3

Assessment: OT100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To produce and carry out an independent work programme, making good use of the School of Chemical Engineering's extensive research facilities and experience.
Content:
A wide range of projects, experimental and theoretical/ computational, both chemical and biochemical engineering, will be on offer at the beginning of the winter term. The project is essentially broken into two parts. The initial stage, which takes place in the first semester, involves getting to know what is required and devising a work plan. During this period, you will be encouraged to discuss the project in more det ail with the academic supervisor(s), along with, if relevant researchers and technicians. At the end of the semester a short, preliminary report must be submitted which includes: (i) outline of the project (ii) literature survey (iii) materials and method s, (iv) completed set of any necessary safety forms (e.g. COSHH assessments) and (v) experimental work programme (scheduled around the time available in the Spring term). An additional requirement during this semester, may be attendance at short-courses w hich will provide necessary enabling skills (e.g. use of specialized analytical equipment, microbial culture techniques). In the second semester, time will be time-tabled to carry out the project, although after discussion with both academic supervisors and technicians, it may be possible to carry out additional work during other times. However, all laboratory work must be c arried out between 9:15 am and 17:00 pm, Monday to Friday. At the conclusion of the project you will need to produce and submit a detailed report. It should follow a similar format to the preliminary report, except two additional sections are required, (i) results and discussion and (ii) conclusions and recommend ation for further work. The final requirement, is a poster presentation based on the project. This consists of six A4 sides and should give a lucid summary of the work carried out, by outlining key methods and results. The posters will be put-up during the first week after the E aster vacation, and subsequently assessed.


CHEL0040: Waste management

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Undergraduate Masters

Assessment: EX75 CW25

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To give the students an awareness of the problems of "waste" (solid, liquid and gaseous), and the methods of managing waste to meet with the requirements of legislation, economic and environme ntal considerations. After successfully completing the unit the student should:
* be able to identify what is waste
* to able to determine the sources of waste
* be familiar with the legislation covering the handling and disposal of waste
* be able to formulate a scheme for waste management for a process and, where appropriate, be able to suggest methods of reducing the quantity of waste produced by either more efficient processing, clean technology, waste recovery, recycle or reuse
* be able to identify the costs associated with a waste management scheme.
Content:
Hierarchies of good waste management practice;
* authorities involved in waste i.e. Health and Safety Executive, Pollution Inspectorate, National Rivers Authority;
* relevant legislation - the Pollution Act, the Duty of Care etc;
* identification characterisation and documentation of wastes;
* records, costs, storage, licensing, future liability; contractors; transfrontier movements;
* outline treatment of solid wastes - techniques including landfill, stabilisation, incineration;
* outline treatment of liquid wastes - destruction or recovery and recycle, biological treatment etc;
* outline treatment of gaseous streams - scrubbing, filtration, incineration etc;
* auditing of waste management systems in-house and contractors.


CHEL0041: Pollution control

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Undergraduate Masters

Assessment: EX75 CW15 ES10

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To introduce the technologies of Air and Water Pollution Control and the major environmental effects of pollution. Students successfully completing the course should know the operating and design principles of the major technologies and the pollutants which they are most effective at controlling and be able to recommend appropriate solutions to particular cases of pol lution control
Content:
Water pollutants and their effects
* Chemical treatment: precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption, catalytic oxidation, photocatalytic processes
* Physical treatment: sedimentation, flocculation, deep bed filtration
* Biological treatment: principles, suspended growth processes, fixed growth processes, anaerobic processes
* Combined processes and total systems
* Air pollutants and their effects
* Particulate removal: filters, scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators
* Chemical removal: scrubbers, fixed bed adsorbers, catalytic converters


CHEL0042: Environmental awareness

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Undergraduate Masters

Assessment: EX75 CW25

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To develop an appreciation of the complexity of environmental interactions and the ways in which our activities can impinge on the ecosystem as a whole. After successfully completing the unit the student should:
* Be aware of the macroscopic effects of industrial activities on the environment.
* Appreciate the complexity of environmental pathways, their effect in modifying the environmental impact of potential pollutants and the difficulties inherent in quantifying these effects.
* Have an understanding of how pollutants are transported and dispersed in the environment.
* Be able to conduct a life cycle analysis to predict the environmental effects of process design choices
Content:
Introduction to the concepts of an integrated environment - the Gaia hypothesis.
* Biodiversity.
* Environmental pathways and endpoints.
* Contributions of chemical and biological processing to local environmental problems.
* Principles of toxicology.
* Health issues.
* Contributions of chemical and biological processing to global environmental problems.
* Energy conversion - renewable and non-renewable resources.
* Climate effects: global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain.
* Water quality.
* Behaviour of pollutants in the environment.
* Effects of pollutants on environmental quality.
* Mechanisms of pollutant transport and dispersion via air water and land.
* Life cycle analysis.


CHEL0043: Environmental management systems

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Undergraduate Masters

Assessment: EX75 CW25

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To provide an introduction to the principles and practices of environmental management systems and environmental auditing in the context of the processing industries. After successfully completing the unit the student should:
* understand the basic structure of modern environmental management systems
* be able to prepare components of an EMS for a simple processing environment
* understand the requirements for complex processing sites and large companies
Content:
Origins and benefits; EMS elements; EMS loops
* British, European and International standards; comparisons of BS7750, EMAS and ISO 14001
* Company culture and commitment; the preparatory review
* Case study of a preparatory review
* Environmental policy statement
* Case study of the formulation of an environmental policy statement
* Organisation, personnel and responsibilities; case studies
* Register of environmental regulations; case study and examples
* Register of environmental effects; process/site based assessments; examples
* Life cycle assessment; indicative assessment matrix; effects identification matrix
* Risk based approaches to determining significance of environmental effects
* Case study for combined cycle gas turbine power station
* Objectives and targets
* Management programme and manual
* Operational control and records
* Environmental auditing and reporting


CHEL0044: Environmental monitoring & clean technology

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Undergraduate Masters

Assessment: EX90 CW10

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To develop an understanding of obtaining reliable measurements of potential pollutants in the enviornment and the role that process design plays in the development of clean technology. After successfully completing the unit the student should:
* Understand the technical problems associated with obtaining accurate measurements of pollutants in the environment.
* Appreciate the importance of appropriate sampling regimes.
* Appreciate the relationship between emission constraints and limits of detection.
* Be aware of the tools available for clean design and analysis of processes.
* Understand the kinetic and thermodynamic limitations on pollution prevention regimes.
Content:

* Techniques for determining level of organic pollutants in potable water.
* Techniques for determining level of inorganic pollutants in potable water.
* Techniques for determining level of biological contaminants in potable water.
* Techniques for monitoring air borne pollutants.
* Monitoring of pollutants in soil.
* Problems of implementing monitoring systems.
* Commerical implications.
* Legal implications.
* Relationship between emission limits and limits of detection.
* Process waste diagrams and environmental mass balances.
* Design simulation and optimisation methods.
* Thermodynamic and kinetic limitations.
* Quantification of progress.
* Normalisation of data and indexing.


CHEL0045: Environmental research project

Semester 2

Credits: 20

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Undergraduate Masters

Assessment: OT100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To produce and carry-out an independent work programme, of either an experimental or theoretical/ computational nature, based around environmental control and/or management themes and making g ood use of the Chemical Engineering's extensive research facilities and experience.
Content:


CHEL0046: Environmental impact assessment

Semester 2

Credits: 10

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Undergraduate Masters

Assessment: OT100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To develop a deeper understanding of environmental and related issues associated with the preparation and defence of an environmental statement for a chemical or bio-process development.
Content:
Environmental statement/assessment
* Quantification of emissions
* Impact of residual emissions
* Visual impact
* Noise
* Transportation and vehicle movements
* Fire and emergency
* Justification of process technology selected
* Justification for the plant


CHEL0047: Environmental regulations & guidance notes

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Undergraduate Masters

Assessment: EX75 CW25

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To advance students' understanding of the principles and practices of environmental law pertaining to the processing industries. After successfully completing the unit the student should:
* understand the basic principles and practices of UK and European environmental law,
* understand the roles of the regulatory bodies and agencies,
* understand the duties placed on owners and operators of processing sites,
* understand the need and basic requirements for environmental impact assessment of new developments,
* prepare an IPC authorisation for a simple process
Content:
Recap of UK and European environmental law from the lawyer's perspective
* Case studies concerning breaches of statutory duty
* Case studies concerning regulatory regimes, enforcement powers and risk minimisation
* Effect of European Directives; case study on volatile organic compounds; technological solutions
* Background to the process to be used in the EIA case study; regulations relating to the aquatic
* environment
* Conceptual design of the EIA case study process
* The Regulatory Body's Guidance Notes for the EIA case study; BPEO, IPC and BATNEEC
* Environmental assessment regulations; Guidance Notes for environmental assessment and the environmental statement for the EIA case study
* Environmental effects, Register of regulations and IPC authorisation for the EIA case study


ENGR0003: Process design 2

Semester 2

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 2

Assessment: OR10 OT90

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
The second year project is carried out in collaboration with an industrial partner and is intended as an introduction to a systematic approach to chemical engineering design. To give the student a practical grounding in the mechanical design of plant and in particular of pressure vessels according to BS5500. After successfully completing this unit the student should be able to:
* Compare alternative routes by technical/economic reasoning
* Prepare a specification sheet for the design of an individual unit
* Prepare a process and instrumentation diagram (P&I) for a single unit
* Plan and organise the use of group time
* perform an outline mechanical design of a pressure vessel and know, in principle, how to use a commercial software package for this purpose.
* write a specification and communicate with the specialist who would do the detailed design.
Content:
Introduction, stress and strain, temperature and pressure effects
* Selection of material, corrosion allowances and wall thickness.
* Safety factors, cracks, plastic region.
* Flanges and gaskets; types of welds.
* Stress concentrations, openings and branches.
* Bending and supports, thin wall theory.
* Vessel ends e.g. flat, hemispherical, torispherical.
* Weight loads, wind loads, vessel supports.
* How to use a commercial software design package.
* Laboratory class: use of strain gauges and measurements on a container.
* Use of a CAD package for mass & energy balances and accessing the physical property data bank,
* Use of a CAD packages to predict thermodynamic data,
* Working as a team,
* Project planning,
* Use of short-cut techniques in unit design,
* Making process decisions,
* Exploring the consequences of alternatives with and without the use of CAD,
* Consideration of energy integration and optimisation, cost estimates and preliminary hazard analysis.


ENGR0004: Design project 3

Semester 2

Credits: 15

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 3

Assessment: OT100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To introduce legislation governing the environment and the use of genetically modified organisms and how this affects engineers in managerial, operational and design roles. To provide information on the properties and uses of materials. To prepare a preliminary group report for the design project. To enable students to demonstrate that:
* they are capable of developing an integral systems approach to chemical engineering and of applying the principles of chemical and/or biochemical engineering to the design of a process,
* they have creative and critical skills, and are able to make choices and decisions in areas of uncertainty,
* they can work together in a team, and also alone,
* they can communicate effectively the results of their work in the form of written reports that include drawings.
Content:
introduction to environmental legislation and factors that have an influence
* control of liquid discharges and air emissions
* integrated pollution control (IPC)
* environmental assessments and statements
* introduction to regulations governing the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
* biosafety and containment of GMOs
* introduction to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) with respect to bioprocess plant
* materials of construction for chemical and bioprocess plant
* preparation of a preliminary technical and economic appraisal of a process where safety and
* environmental issues form an integral part of process screening
* preparation of an outline process flowsheet
* Market survey, Review of alternatives
* Physical and chemical property data
* Creation and synthesis of flowsheet
* Safety and operability
* Environmental issues
* Capital and operating costs
* Unit specification sheets, Flowsheets, Engineering drawings and sketches
* Executive summary
* Demonstration of viability
* Individual unit design
* Application of rigorous methods
* Mechanical design
* Outline of control and P & I diagrams


MATH0116: Mathematical techniques 1

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 1

Assessment: EX75 CW25

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To provide students with a basic introduction in the mathematical skills necessary to tackle process engineering design and applications.
Content:

* Differentiation and integration: Revision of differentiation of logarithmic, exponential and inverse trigonometrical functions; Revision of applications of integration including polar and parametric co-ordinates
* Further calculus: Hyperbolic functions, Inverse functions, McLaurin's and Taylor's theorem, Limits, Approximate methods, including solution of equations by Newton's method and integration by Simpson's rule
* Partial differentials: functions of several variables, Small errors, Total differential
* Differential equations: Solution of first order equations using separation of variables and integrating factor; Linear equations with constant coefficients using trial method for particular integral; Simultaneous linear differential equations.


UNIV0016: Organic chemistry & chemical thermodynamics

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 1

Assessment: EX100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To provide a good background to the type and structure of organic compounds used and produced on the process industries. To provide students with a basic understanding of chemical thermodynamics. After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be able to draw and interpret the structures of organic compounds and understand the important points of nomenclature,
* understand the basic ideas of electronic structure and steric effects and be able to relate them to the reactivity of the common organic functional groups,
* appreciate how important organic chemicals are produced industrially from simple, naturally occurring substances.
* be able to calculate the composition of systems in chemical equilibrium,
* be able to interpret thermodynamic diagrams and extract data from thermodynamic tables.
Content:
Bonding and structure: atomic and molecular orbitals, hybridisation, shapes of molecules, functional groups.
* Alkanes: general properties, nomenclature, isomerism, natural sources, cycloalkanes, conformation, reactions - chlorination of methane, cracking.
* Alkenes: general properties, cis/ trans isomerism, addition reactions, Markovnikov vs. anti-Markovnikov addition, industrial uses of ethylene.
* Alkynes: basic properties.
* Stereochemistry: enantiomers, absolute configuration, R and S notation, diastereomers.
* Alcohols: nomenclature, industrially important alcohols.
* Aldehydes and ketones: basic properties, keto-enol tautomerism, reactions with nucleophiles and electrophiles, acetals / ketals, carbohydrates (briefly).
* Carboxylic acids and their derivatives: lipids, detergents.
* Introduction to benzene: Kekule's problem, molecular orbital theory of benzene, resonance stabilisation energy of benzene.
* Aromatic vs. alkene reactions, mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution, electrophilic substitution with monosubstitued benzene rings.
* Industrial preparation and uses of benzene, focus on phenol (industrial preparation), aromatic compounds and cancer.
* Polymer Chemistry: types of polymer, addition polymers and condensation polymers, formation of an addition polymer (polystyrene), formation of condensation polymers, nylon and bakelite.
* First Law for closed and open systems and its applications
* Internal energy, enthalpy, and heat capacities
* spontaneous change and conditions of equilibrium for physical and chemical systems
* thermodynamic functions including chemical potential
* chemical equilibrium constant and relationship with Gibb's free energy
* phase equilibria charts for P-v, T-s, and H-s
* thermodynamic tables
* vapour pressure, Clausius-Clapeyron equation


UNIV0017: Further mathematical techniques & engineering drawing

Semester 2

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 1

Assessment: EX45 CW15 OT40

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To provide students with a basic introduction in the mathematical skills necessary to tackle process engineering design and applications. To introduce the concept of random variation, and to s how how to describe and model it. To teach students how to prepare outline engineering drawings and how to interpret drawings that they may encounter whilst working as a chemical or a bio-process engineer. After successfully completing this unit the student should be able to:
* deal with a number of relevant applications in data analysis
* describe equipment using standard drawing conventions (pumping circuit)
* prepare outline engineering drawings and sketches of process flow-sheets and process units,
* interpret mechanical drawings which they may encounter whilst working as chemical or bio-process engineers.
Content:
Linear algebra: Determinants, Matrix algebra, Inverse, Partitioning, Systems of linear algebraic equations; Numerical methods, Solution of linear algebraic equation, Solution of non-linear equations by iterative methods
* Complex numbers: Argand diagram: Cartesian, polar and exponential forms, nth roots, Elementary functions of a complex variable.
* Statistics: Descriptive statistics, diagrams; mean, mode, median and standard deviation
* Elementary probability: including binomial, Poisson and normal distributions, Tests of significance, Linear regression
* Introduction to course, standards, orthographic projection, organisation of design office.
* Sectional drawings of process units and isometric views.
* Examples of process units e.g. storage tank, heat exchanger, distillation column.
* Examples of interpreting drawings of mechanical plant e.g. pumps, valves.
* Chemical engineering flow line diagram symbols; piping, instrumentation and control diagrams.
* Plan drawings of process plant showing equipment layout on the site.


UNIV0029: Instrumentation & control 1

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 1

Assessment: EX100

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To provide an introduction to essential measurement techniques, chemical analysis, control equipment and basic concepts of control theory to enable students to understand the requirements of s uccessful process control strategies. After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be able to define and identify the typical building blocks of a control loop,
* have an appreciation of the principles of temperature, flow, pressure and level measurement,
* understand the techniques of chemical analysis and chemical measurements,
* be aware of the equipment required to effect the control of flow, temperature, pressure, level, pH and chemical composition,
* be able to suggest ways of implementing simple control solutions.
Content:

* Flow measuring devices: description and operating principles; measurement of pressure; the pitot tube; the orifice and nozzle; the venturi meter; rotameter, the notch or weir.
* Introduction to various types of valves, regulators and fittings
* Description and uses of the various types of pumps: centrifugal; piston; diaphragm; gear; mono; peristaltic; ejector; blowers; air-lift; virtual head developed by centrifugal pump; cavitation and net positive suction head.
* Principal backup systems in the case of control valve failure
* Basic terminology: offshoot; overshoot; lag; feed-forward; feed-back; proportional; integral; derivative; hunting; loop; fail-safe
* Major analytic instruments used in control measurements: their advantages and disadvantages
* Single and multistage solvent extraction: Titrimetry: acid-base; redox; complexometric titrations
* Chromatography: liquid-solid; liquid-liquid; paper; thin layer; HPLC; gas-liquid; gas-solid Electrophoresis, Ion exchange methods, Electrodes and biosensors
* Optical (spectroscopic) methods: atomic (e.g. emission and absorption); molecular (e.g. infrared and ultraviolet) spectra.


UNIV0030: Process dynamics & control 2

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 2

Assessment: EX90 PR10

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To give students a basic understanding of process dynamics and simple control systems and their modelling by analytical methods. After successfully completing this unit the student should be able to:
* use Laplace Transform techniques to solve initial value problems
* describe the dynamic behaviour of first and second order systems to step, impulse and sine disturbances
* derive transfer functions for open-loop processes from transient mass or energy balances
* derive the transfer function for a PID controller
* derive transfer functions for closed-loop processes from the transfer functions of their individual units
* calculate the control parameters necessary to meet performance specifications on a closed-loop process from its transfer function
Content:
Introduction to process dynamics and control.
* Laplace transforms to solve initial value problems
* Step and impulse functions
* Transfer functions and frequency response
* State space representation .
* Transfer functions, linearisation, open-loop response
* First order and time-delay processes
* Block diagrams
* Controllers, final control elements, Control loop configuration
* Closed loop control
* Overall transfer function and transient response for servo and regular operation.


UNIV0031: Mathematical modelling 2

Semester 2

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 2

Assessment: EX55 CW45

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To introduce mathematical modelling techniques. To introduce numerical techniques for the solution of models arising in Chemical Engineering. To provide students with the ability to use a comm ercial flowsheeting simulation package (ASPEN) in their design projects. After successfully completing the unit students should be able to:
* develop realistic mathematical models of unit operations using MATLAB and ASPEN,
* understand the numerical methods employed in solving the equations of models and choose the most suitable method for a given application,
* analyse the results from modelling activities and so perform a sensitivity analysis.
Content:
Mathematical modelling techniques
* introduction to formulation of models; mass, energy and momentum balances
* application to reactor and distillation modelling
* Numerical Methods
* introduction to initial value problems
* numerical linear algebra
* stability
* boundary value problems Flowsheet simulation using ASPEN
* choice of thermodynamic, reactor and separator models
* convergence and tear streams
* design specifications and sensitivity analysis


UNIV0032: Mathematical modelling 3

Semester 1

Credits: 5

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 3

Assessment: EX80 CW20

Requisites:

Aims & learning objectives:
To provide students with an ability to formulate mathematical models of dynamic systems typical of chemical processing as systems of differential equations and to solve these models numericall y. After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be able to choose numerical methods suitable for the solution of non-linear second order elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations with given initial and boundary values and systems of non-linear first order ordinary differential equatio ns with suitable initial conditions.
* be able to formulate mathematical models which describe dynamic chemical processes in the time domain and assign boundary and initial conditions.
* be able to solve the problems formulated using MATLAB.
Content:
Mathematics of p.d.e.s and numerical solutions
* Mathematics of linear p.d.e.s, the p.d.e., b.c. and i.c. as a system, classification of system into elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic.
* solution by finite difference methods, method of characteristics, stability.
* Non-linear problems and their solution by the above methods.
* The concept of finite elements for the heat conduction problem.
* Examples: solution of a heterogeneous catalysis problem in slab or cylinder geometry with non-linear kinetics, adsorption waves in a column with non-linear isotherm. Modelling with o.d.e.s, simulation of non-linear problem sets
* Equation formulation, use of constraints. Selection of initial and boundary conditions.
* Conversion of equations into MATLAB programmes. Methods of debugging.
* Examples from reaction engineering and separation: simultaneous reactions in a bath reactor - bioreaction metabolic engineering problem, catalysis in a tubular reactor, adsorption in a column.


XXXX0006: An approved unit

Semester 1

Credits: 6

Contact:

Topic:

Level: Level 3

Assessment:

Requisites:

This pseudo-unit indicates that you are allowed to choose other unit(s), up to 6 credits, from around the University subject to the normal constraints such as staff availability, timetabling restrictions, and minimum and maximum gr oup sizes. You should make sure that you indicate your actual choice of units when requested to do so. Details of the University's Catalogue can be seen on the University's Home Page.