CHEL0001: Transport phenomena & material & energy
balances 1
Semester 1
Credits: 10
Level: Level 1
Assessment: EX60 PR30 CW10
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To introduce fluid flow
and momentum transfer in pipes, channels and various devices and
fittings. To discuss the principles of turbulent flow and flow
measurement along with the physical properties of fluids.
To introduce the mechanisms and modes of heat transfer, heat transfer
situations and heat transfer equipment.
To introduce students to the principles and practices of steady
state and unsteady state material and energy balancing and to
the concept of formulating flowsheets. The subject matter will
cover single component/multicomponent, single phase/multiphase
systems with or without reaction.
After successfully completing this module the student should:
* understand the principles of fluid flow and momentum transfer
and
* understand the mechanisms and modes of heat transfer.
* be able to formulate and manually solve material and energy
balances for process systems which may include multicomponent
streams, phase changes, simple reactions, recycle, purge, by-pass
and mixing.
Content: Fluids
* types of fluid - Newtonian and non-Newtonian
* Bernoulli, continuity and momentum equations
* application of basic equations
* pressure drop and power requirement
* pressure drop in pipes and fittings
* laminar and turbulent flow
* flow measurement using pitot tube, orifice and venturi meters
* flow in channels
* compressible flow
Heat Transfer
* heat transfer mechanisms
* introduction to conduction, thermal resistances in series and
parallel, conduction through cylindrical walls
* introduction to convection, film theory, heat transfer coefficient
correlations
* introduction to radiation, radiation between surfaces, furnace
design
* heat exchangers, types, construction, design
Mass and Energy Balances
* units, molar concentrations, mass and molar flowrates
* material balances on non-reacting systems; steady-state and
transient, batch and continuous processes, systematic approach,
multiple units
* material balances on recycle and by-pass streams; concept of
the flowsheet
* material balances on reacting systems and purge flows
* material balances for multiphase systems
* conservation of energy; interchange of energy and work
* energy balances on closed and open (flow) systems at steady-state
and unsteady-state
* enthalpy and sources of data; state properties and process paths;
multicomponent streams, phase changes, mixing and solution, humidification
* energy balances on single and multiphase systems with and without
reaction; adiabatic, non-adiabatic and isothermal processes; incomplete
conversion, excess reactants and presence of inerts; combustion
calculations
CHEL0002: Communications 1
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 1
Assessment: OR100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To provide an introduction
to the use of computers including both the operating system and
a number of useful software packages.
* Content: the skills required for communication
* report writing
* teamwork
* oral presentation
* cv preparation
* Computing: Introduction to the IBM PC and windows operating
system; Introduction to a spreadsheet package and its use in data
manipulation and presentation; Introduction to a word processing
package and its use for document and programme preparation; Introduction
to e-mail and the World Wide Web
CHEL0004: Reaction engineering & engineering thermodynamics
1
Semester 2
Credits: 5
Level: Level 1
Assessment: EX60 CW10 OT30
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To provide an introduction
to the principles of reaction kinetics and their applications
to chemical and biochemical reactors.
To provide students with an appreciation of heat and mechanical
work applications.
After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* understand the basic principles of reaction engineering; reaction
order; rate law; half life and stoichiometric tables
* be able to perform simultaneous mass and energy balances on
adiabatic reactors
* be able to apply the Arrhenius equation to calculate the activation
energy and specific reaction rate
* be able to carry out basis isothermal reactor designs
* appreciate the role of various reactors in chemical and biochemical
processes.
* understand that heat and work are interconvertible,
* appreciate the limitations and capabilities of systems that
exchange heat and do work,
* understand the limitations on converting heat into work,
* be able to solve elementary problems relating to the performance
of steam power and refrigeration plant,
* be able to calculate the available energy (exergy) of an operating
plant.
* Content: Order of reaction and analysis of kinetic rate
equations
* Arrhenius equation and simple collision theory
* Absolute rate theory and interpretation of rate data
* Reactor material balances: batch, continuous and plug
* Applications of traditional chemical interpretations to biochemical
processes
* Basic reactor designs: batch, CSTR, plug flow
* Heats of reaction and formation; standard heats of reaction
and formation; exothermic and endothermic reactions; Hess's law
* Energy balances on reactive systems; examples of isothermal
and non-isothermal processes
* Heat of combustion, calorific values. Energy balances for combustion.
Adiabatic flame temperature
* Simultaneous mass and energy balances on reactors. Adiabatic
reactors
* First Law for closed and open systems and its applications
* Internal energy, enthalpy, and heat capacities
* relationship between heat and work
* reversibility and irreversibility
* Carnot's principle and the second law of thermodynamics
* thermodynamic Carnot and Rankine cycles
CHEL0005: Separation processes 1
Semester 2
Credits: 5
Level: Level 1
Assessment: EX80 PR20
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To introduce some of the
basic concepts behind the design and operation of separation processes
in general, and provide a more detailed treatment of distillation,
solvent extraction and crystallisation in particular.
After successfully completing this course the student should:
* have an understanding of the fundamental principles of phase
equilibria;
* have an understanding of material and energy balances and how
they can be combined with equilibrium relationships in order to
describe separation processes;
* be able to use this understanding in order to prepare elementary
designs of the following stage-wise separation process operations:
binary distillation, solvent extraction, crystallisation;
* understand the basic concepts behind membrane technology and
adsorption processes.
Content: Fundamentals:
* Thermodynamic relationships
* Vapour/liquid equilibria
* Liquid/liquid equilibria
* Solid/gas, solid/liquid equilibria
* Concepts of single-stage and multi-stage contacting
* Development of mass and energy balances
Unit Operations:
* Distillation
* Solvent extraction
* Crystallisation
* Adsorption
* Membranes
CHEL0006: Design project 1
Semester 2
Credits: 5
Level: Level 1
Assessment: CW90 OR10
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: Students having successfully
completed this module will have acquired further abilities in
working in teams, including division of labour, intra-team communication,
time management and planning. Students will have experience in
solving an open-ended problem, and have learnt how to synthesize
material learnt from many courses in solving a real-life problem.
Students will appreciate the opportunities to exercise creativity
in engineering solutions. Experience in oral presentation of results
to outside parties will be gained.
Content: The design project requires students to specify
how a limited supply of reaction vessels, driers, heat exchangers,
pumps and storage vessels can be used to produce a specified product
mix using a series of recipes for the manufacture of several types
of starch. Students will work in teams of 4 or 5 and each team
will be asked to produce a schedule for a different product mix.
CHEL0007: Engineering applications 1
Semester 2
Credits: 5
Level: Level 1
Assessment: CW100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To provide instruction
and practice in techniques of engineering experimentation.
To expose students to items of process equipment
After successfully completing this unit the student should be
able to:
* describe the operation of relatively large equipment (pilot
evaporator).
* design and construct experimental equipment. (pumping circuit)
* estimate the accuracy of experimental data and calculated results.
(pumping circuit + flow measurement)
* schedule experimental work to meet imposed deadlines.
* compare and evaluate different measurement techniques (flow
measurement) and methods of operation (mass transfer).
* locate specific items (e.g. valves) on equipment from a PID
diagram of the equipment. (pilot evaporator).
Content: Four experiments will be carried out: pumping
circuit, flow measurement, mass transfer in bubble columns, pilot
evaporator.
CHEL0008: Biology & fermentation
Semester 2
Credits: 5
Level: Level 1
Assessment: EX80 PR20
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To introduce aspects of
biology and fermentation that enable us to exploit microorganism
systems in order to develop useful products and processes (e.g.
enzymes, alcohol, effluent treatment, pharmaceuticals and food
stuffs).
After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* have an understanding of the importance of biological systems
in the modern process industries;
* be aware of the different types and classifications of organisms
which exist in the microbial kingdom;
* understand the basic chemistry, structure and function of the
main classes of biochemicals;
* have a basic understanding of the role of DNA and genetics in
regulating biological activity, and how DNA can be manipulated
to produce "new" processes and products;
* be aware of the major internal structures in microbial cells
and their functions;
* understand that enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of
biochemical reactions, and how these reactions are regulated;
* have a basic knowledge of at least two commercial bio-processes.
* Content: Introduction to biochemical processes and the
types of product that are currently produced on industrial scale.
* Classification of organisms within the microbial kingdom, and
the types of compounds which they require for growth or which
they can produce as products.
* Basic chemistry, structure and function of these biochemical
compounds.
* The role of DNA and genetics in regulation of metabolic and
microbial activity, and its significance in modern biotechnology.
* Basic structure of microbial cells, including intra-cellular
structures and their biological function.
* The role of enzymes in regulation and catalysis of biochemical
reactions.
* Case studies of selected commercial bioprocesses, e.g. sewage
treatment, alcoholic beverage production, cheese production, antibiotic
production, food processing etc
CHEL0010: Particle technology
Semester 2
Credits: 5
Level: Level 2
Assessment: EX85 PR15
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To give students an introduction
to the behaviour of particulate systems within a broad range of
applications.
After successfully completing this unit the student should be
able to:
* characterise particles by size, shape, and size distribution,
* calculate drag forces using standard correlations and determine
particle trajectories,
* calculate terminal and equilibrium velocities for single particles
and design and evaluate classifiers, elutriators and centrifuges,
* calculate sedimentation velocities for suspensions,
* calculate pressure drop in packed beds, describe the basic fluidisation
phenomena,
* describe techniques for the storage and conveyance of particles
and associated hazards,
* calculate filter performance for constant pressure and rate
operation,
* describe the behaviour of fine particles and the electrical
and surface effects that cause this behaviour.
* Content: Formation and characterisation of dispersed
phases
* Crushing and grinding
* Fluid mechanics applied to deformable and non-deformable dispersed
phases
* Settler thickener design: precipitation and coalescence
* Centrifugation: disk; decanter; solid bowl types
* Packed and fluidised beds
* Filtration
* Pneumatic and hydraulic conveying and other methods of transport
for solids and slurries
* Colloids and emulsions
* Agglomeration and flocculation
CHEL0012: Industrial placement
Academic Year
Credits: 60
Level: Level 2
Assessment: RT100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To consolidate and complement
the theoretical content of the University courses in Chemical
Engineering with practical experience of industrial activity and
practice in the process, bio-process and related industries.
To encourage self development.
To promote self confidence.
CHEL0016: Engineering thermodynamics 2
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 2
Assessment: EX90 CW10
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To complete the teaching
of core chemical engineering thermodynamics.
After successfully completing this unit the student should
* understand the significance of and the means for estimating
K values,
* be able to estimate physical properties of pure components and
mixtures(with the aid of reference material),
* be aware of the need to question the validity of techniques
used to estimate properties, especially when using computer packages,
* be able to apply the first and second laws of thermodynamics
to solve problems of power cycles, compressors and refrigeration.
* Content: Prediction of physical properties and non-ideal
vapour liquid equilibria, The determination of K values
* PVT relations, Equations of state: Van Der Waals, Redlich-Kwong,
Benedict-Webb-Rubin, Virial equation, Compressibility factor ,
Pitzer's correlation
* Mixture combination rules
* Heat capacity of gases and liquids, Enthalpy and entropy as
a function of temperature and pressure
* Standard heat of reaction, Maxwell's relations, Chemical potential,
Gibbs-Duhem equation
* Fugacity, fugacity coefficient and fugacity in a mixture, Activity
coefficient in liquid phase
* Excess thermodynamic functions, extension of binary experimental
data to multi-component systems
* Steam and gas turbine power plant
* Refrigeration
* Compressors and expanders
* Nozzles and diffusers
CHEL0017: Biochemistry & electrical engineering
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 2
Assessment: EX30 ES10 PR10 OT50
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: Biochemistry
To give an introduction to the principles of biochemistry and
how they influence the behaviour of biochemical processes.
Electrical Engineering
To provide a background from which to appreciate the role of electrical
and electronic technology in chemical engineering.
Content: Biochemistry
* Biochemical thermodynamics
* Coupling o degradative and synthetic reactions
* Introduction to metabolic pathways: regulations and control
* Concepts of membrane transport and its influence in cell growth
* Introduction to biochemical techniques and their potential for
transfer to large scale.
Electrical Engineering
* Ohm's law
* Kirchoff's laws
* Faraday's law
* Passive and active components
* Impedance
* DC and AC circuit theory
* Single and three phase power systems
* AC/DC conversion techniques
* Transformers and simple AC and DC machines
* Semi-conductors and semi-conductor devices
* Amplifiers, gates and memories
* Simple analogue and digital circuits
* A to D and D to A converters
* Transducers
* Instrumentation, computers and applications
* Interfacing real time data acquisition and data transmission
* Safety in hazardous environments: Zener barriers, intrinsic
safety, area classification and codes of practice
CHEL0018: Transport phenomena 2
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 2
Assessment: EX80 PR20
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To explain the underlying
phenomena, design methods and principles for heat exchangers and
also to introduce the Navier-Stokes equation along with basic
laminar boundary theory.
After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be able to apply the continuity and the momentum equations along
with basic laminar boundary theory to moving fluids,
* understand the mechanisms of heat and mass transfer by natural
and forced convection,
* be able to perform outline design calculations for shell and
plate and spiral heat exchangers,
* appreciate different types of condenser and reboilers and their
application
* be able to apply heat transfer theory to the design of reboilers
and condensers.
* Content: General equations of continuity and motion:
applications, including order of magnitude analysis
* Inviscid flow, including 2-D potential flow
* Introduction to boundary layer flow: definition of boundary
layer thickness, simple form of the momentum equation and approximate
solution for a laminar boundary layer
* Separation and wake formation
* Flow at entry to a pipe
* Natural convection, including dimensional analysis and correlations
for heat transfer
* Heat losses from pipes
* Forced convection: simple models and mechanisms, including Reynold's
and film models
* j factor analogy
* Simultaneous transfer of heat and mass
* Heat exchanger selection and design, including various single
phase units
CHEL0020: Communications 2 & further engineering applications
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 2
Assessment: PR70 OR30
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To provide instruction
and practice in techniques of engineering experimentation. To
promote the application of the engineering principles covered
in the lectures which have not been addressed in other practical
work earlier in the course. To enhance the students' ability to
communicate through the written and spoken word by practice in
individual and team exercises.
After successfully completing this unit the student should be
able to:
* write procedures for safe working practices
* critically analyse data of variable quality from a variety of
sources
Content: Interview skills
· Working in teams in industry
The students will complete the following assignments in groups:
*· BP Business Game - CD ROM based interactive computer business
game;
* Work Permit for Heat Exchanger + Dismantle/Reassemble Plate
Heat Exchanger;
*· COSHH / Risk Assessments for Fermentation & Heat Exchanger;
*· Fermentation Experiment;
*· Heat Exchanger Experiment;
*· Analyse pooled class data from Fermentation Experiment;
*· Analyse pooled class data from Heat Exchanger Experiment;
CHEL0021: Process design 1
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 2
Assessment: OT100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To deal with the philosophy
and methods of process development and design i.e. the formulation
of the problems, development and evaluation of alternatives solutions
based on technological requirements, economics, environmental
and safety considerations and legislation.
To consider safety and loss prevention with an introduction to
the methods used in loss prevention i.e. 6 stages of assessment.
To use a considerable number of case studies.
After successfully completing the module, the student should be
able to produce a solution to a design problem:
* taking into account the problem specification, the raw material
requirements, energy requirements and simple energy integration
for the design, codes of practise, standards and legislation,
* producing flow sheets, mass and energy balances, simple instrumentation
and control algorithms,
* performing a capital costing based on factored estimates and
an approximate manufacturing cost based on energy, utilities and
raw material costs and including a sensitivity analysis.
The student should also be able to:
* Perform a literature search on a specialist topic using modern
computer-aided methods
* Prepare a review of the literature in a critical manner
* Content: Introduction to optimisation of systems
* Accounting for uncertainty in data
* Designing for future developments
* Codes of Practice and British Standards for design
* Case studies for detection and evaluation of hazards, Introduction
to HAZOP with case study
* DOW or MOND Fire and Explosion Index, HAZAN studies and the
implications of Risk
* Maintenance, Work permit systems
* Preventing emergencies in Process Industry and planning for
handling emergencies.
* Designing for Inherent safety
* Introduction to various codes of practice: BSS's, legislation
relating design and processing, COSHH regulations, CEMA regulations,
Electricity Regulations.
CHEL0023: Reaction engineering 2
Semester 2
Credits: 5
Level: Level 2
Assessment: EX80 PR10 CW10
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To provide students with
the ability to produce process engineering designs of ideal reactors
where the rate of reaction is controlled by chemical kinetics.
After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be able to complete problems on heterogeneous catalytic reactors
if they are supplied with global rate data.
* be able to apply a reaction engineering analysis to the controlled
growth of micro-organisms in biological reactors.
* be able to use global or homogeneous kinetic expressions to
formulate material and energy balances for batch, CSTR and plug
flow reactors that exhibit ideal behaviour with reversible and
multiple reaction steps.
* understand the essential features that control microorganism
growth and design fermenters for batch, fed-batch and continuous
cultivation.
* Content: Basic reactor designs: batch; CSTR; plug flow
* Application of stoichiometric tables
* Chemical equilibrium
* Definition of reaction rate; elementary reactions, and temperature
dependence
* Mass and energy balances developed for ideal batch, CSTR and
plug flow reactors
* Ideal batch reactor: constant volume, variable volume, variable
temperature and pressure.
* Expansion factor: irreversible and reversible reactions.
* Performance comparison between batch, CSTR and plug flow.
* Optimisation: multiple reaction; parallel; series; series-parallel;
selectivity and yield; optimum temperature; isothermal, adiabatic
and non-adiabatic modes of operation; multiple reactions temperature
effects
* Heterogeneous kinetics
* Microorganism growth kinetics and kinetics of product formation
* The effects of environmental variable such as Ph and temperature
on performance.
CHEL0024: Basic process management & economics
Semester 2
Credits: 5
Level: Level 2
Assessment: EX100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To give a basic understanding
of the economic parameters and methods for evaluating the costs
and profitability of engineering projects, and the legal framework
in which companies have to operate.
After successfully completing this unit the student should be
able to:
* make quick engineering estimates of chemical plant equipment
and manufacturing costs,
* determine the profitability of simple projects using traditional
and cash flow techniques,
* describe the legal framework in which companies are required
to operate.
* Content: Interest relationships, Discount formulas
* Sources of investment capital. Profit and cash flow relationships.
Payback period.
* Contribution and variable costing. Break-even production diagrams.
* Basis for rate of return concept, Minimum acceptable rate of
return, risk factor.
* Profitability methods based on cash flow: cumulative cash flow
curves, determination of NPV, DCF rate of return, EMIP, IRR, discounted
break-even point.
* Capital cost estimation: short-cut methods e.g. ratio methods,
use of cost indices, factored estimates, computerised cost estimation;
introduction to detailed cost estimation, scale-up
* Manufacturing cost estimating: short cut methods and scale-up
* Optimal costing methods, incremental costing and profitability.
* Common / statute law with examples in Health & Safety at
Work & Environmental Protection Act; structure of the courts
* law of contract, law of agency, sale of goods, law of partnership,
* joint stock companies: memorandum; articles of association;
shares; debentures; board of directors
* commercial arbitration, trade union law, restrictive trade practices
* contract of service: duties of employer and employee
CHEL0026: Separation processes 2
Semester 2
Credits: 5
Level: Level 2
Assessment: EX90 PR10
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To introduce the concepts
and terminology associated with mass transfer and show the importance
of mass transfer using chemical engineering examples and draw
analogies with heat transfer. To provide an overview of the processes
of distillation and evaporation for separating two or more components.
After successfully completing this unit the student should:
· understand steady and unsteady state mass transfer models
*· be able to design mass transfer controlled unit operations
and assess their performance
*· understand equilibrium controlled unit operations and
be able to assess their performance
*· understand the use of graphical techniques in determining
the performance of distillation columns
*· be able to describe distillation column control schemes
and unsteady state operation effects
*· understand the concepts underlying the performance of
tubular evaporators and be able to design single and multiple
effect evaporators with different methods of feeding
Content: Fick's law: equimolar and single component mass
transfer across a fixed boundary layer
*· Use of dimensionless groups: characterisation of the effect
of flow on mass transfer
*· Distillation, absorption and liquid-liquid extraction
*· Main models for a mass-transfer coefficient: i.e. the
two-film, penetration and Higbie-Danckwerts
*· Simple correlations for mass transfer coefficients and
their limitations.
*· Distillation: choice of operating pressure, azeotropic
and extractive distillation
*· Solution methods for distillation with binary mixtures
*· Batch distillation: calculations and control
*· Multi-component distillation: short-cut methods, Economic
and control considerations
*· Design of multi-stage contacting equipment, especially
selection and design of distillation trays
*· Evaporation: examples of use, single and multiple effect,
energy considerations
*· Introduction to Supercritical fluid extraction, phase
diagrams, systems used and applications
CHEL0028: Chemical reaction engineering 3
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 3
Assessment: EX90 CW10
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To give a critical analysis
of chemical and physical interactions in catalytic processes,
to introduce analysis tools and models for a variety of reactors
employing catalysts in solid form and to present the basis and
value of residence time distribution (RTD) techniques.
After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be able to analyse reaction, mass transfer effects and deactivation
in catalytic processes
* understand how to analyse and design a wide variety of reactors
* understand and be able to apply residence time distribution
techniques
Content: steps in catalytic reactions
* rate expressions for catalytic reactions: Langmuir-Hinshelwood
and Ely-Rideal
* mass transfer in catalysis
* catalyst deactivation and regeneration
* analysis of reactor types: fixed bed, fluidised bed, slurry,
monolith
* residence time distribution techniques and application to CSTR
and PF reactors
* non-ideal flow models: partial stagnation, by-pass, short-circuiting,
segregated flow, CSTR and PF reactors in series and parallel,
laminar flow and axial dispersion models
CHEL0029: Biochemical reaction engineering 3
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 3
Assessment: EX90 CW10
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To provide an understanding
of the various biological, reactor and process plant strategies
that can be employed to produce biochemicals in a controllable
and predictable process through the exploitation of bacteria,
yeast and higher organisms.
After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be aware of the importance of biological considerations when
assessing reactor strategies
* understand how and why when culturing living organisms, the
predicted theoretical results often vary from those achieved in
practice
* be able to assess and design a reactor for cell growth or to
carry out an enzyme reaction.
Content: Revision of basic microbial metabolism, stoichiometry
and energetics
* Power consumption and mixing in a stirred tank fermenter
* Oxygen transfer during a fermentation.
* Shear in fermenters.
* Micro-organism growth kinetics.
* Animal cell culture systems.
* Enzyme reactor kinetics.
* Cultivation of genetically modified organisms, improving reactor
performance through genetics
* Sterile system design, biosafety and containment.
CHEL0030: Chemical separation processes 3
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 3
Assessment: EX100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To introduce students to
the principles and practices involved in the selection and sequencing
of complex separations, advance students' understanding of the
principles and practices of multicomponent distillation, and introduce
students to the roles of adsorptive and membrane methods as advanced
separation processes for gas and liquid phase systems.
After successfully completing this module, students should be
able to understand the principles and practices, and to carry
out calculations on the following: the selection and sequencing
of separation processes, the design and operation of adsorptive-
and membrane-based separation processes, and the design and operation
of multistage multicomponent distillation.
* Content: Selection and evaluation of alternative separation
process routes and sequences
* Selective adsorption; adsorbent materials, equilibria, kinetics;
batch, cyclic and continuous processes
* Column dynamics; dilute, isothermal, equilibrium plug flow,
axial dispersion, constant pattern
* Examples drawn from pressure swing and thermal swing separations
of gases and liquids
* Membrane processes, modules and applications in the process
industries
* Microfiltration and analysis of fouling in porous systems; design
of reverse osmosis
* Principles and design of separation for gas separation and pervaporation
membranes
* Electrodialysis and related operations
* Multicomponent vapour-liquid equilibria, bubble and dew points,
flash calculations
* Design considerations for multicomponent fractionation; stagewise
design for multicomponent distillation
* Advances in distillation technology
CHEL0031: Biochemical separation processes 3
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 3
Assessment: EX90 CW10
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To introduce the main unit
operations used in the separation of materials of biological origin.
To provide an understanding of the role of each operation within
a multi-unit process and how this is influenced by the properties
of the process stream. To introduce and explore the use of quantitative
performance equations for design purposes.
After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be aware of the main separation techniques available and how
their choice is dependent on the nature of the bioproduct to be
produced,
* be able to sequence a series of unit operations on the basis
of their capacity and selectivity,
* be able to formulate quantitative design equations for sizing
purposes (centrifuge, membrane, adsorber and chromatographic separator).
* understand how process data can be used to optimise the performance
of a bioseparation sequence.
* Content: Properties of biochemicals which influence choice
and availability of methods.
* Cell recovery. Influence of cell morphology and media composition.
Cell disruption.
* General introduction to membranes, materials of construction
and modes of operation. Flux in UF/MF effects of concentration,
pressure, temperature. Enhancement by hydrodynamic techniques.
* Chromatographic separations, review of techniques available
* Batch adsorption, prediction of equilibrium adsorbed design
based on isotherm data
* Design of adsorption columns. Simplified models based on equilibrium
assumption, kinetic models with and without an assessment of mass
transfer coefficients. Prediction of breakthrough.
* Aqueous two phase extraction, field flow fractionation, electrophoresis
* Protein refolding systems and applications of genetic engineering
to downstream processing
* Optimisation of separation process sequences, quantification
of purity/recovery
CHEL0032: Process control 3
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 3
Assessment: EX60 CW40
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To give students a wider
appreciation of process control system applications and understanding
of the design techniques, analysis and procedures for safe plant
operation. It will introduce the techniques of signal analysis,
filters, data acquisition and digital control. The particular
requirements of instrumentation and control of bioprocess systems
will be covered.
After successfully completing this unit the student should be
able to:
* determine the limits to stability of linear systems, also certain
non-linear systems, and use frequency response techniques to design
PID loops,
* apply signal analysis and sampling techniques to obtain dynamic
information for process identification,
* solve noise problems with the aid of appropriate filters and
devise digital control solutions,
* assess the instrumentation and control requirements of bioprocess
systems.
* Content: Linearisation and state space representation
* Stability of feedback systems: Routh array, root locus (CODAS)
* Frequency response: Bode diagrams, Nyquist plots, gain and phase
margin
* Advanced control strategies: Smith predictor, multiloop, feedforward
control
* Fourier series, sampled data systems, z-operator, sampling intervals
* Analogue and digital filters: Butterworth, Chebychev, IIR, FIR
* Digital control: z-transform, PID, deadbeat controllers
* PLC's, ladder networks
* Bioprocess control: instrumentation, control strategies. Case
studies: on-line mass balancing, model-based FBC/FFC, multiproduct
fermentation.
CHEL0033: Transport phenomena 3
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 3
Assessment: EX100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To introduce students to
the principles and practices involved in selected areas of transport
phenomena, to advance students' understanding of the principles
of complex single phase flow, and to introduce students to the
principles and applications of multiphase flows.
After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* understand a wide variety of non-Newtonian behaviour and carry
out basic calculations,
* gain an appreciation of viscous and turbulent flows including
secondary flows,
* understand momentum, thermal and mass transfer behaviour in
boundary layers and carry out basic calculations and understand
gas-liquid flows in pipes and mixing reactors,
* understand multiphase flow in petroleum reservoirs and methods
of enhanced oil recovery,
* gain an appreciation of the wide/extensive importance of fluid
flow fundamentals for non-Newtonian, multiphase and petroleum
reservoir applications,
* carry out 1-D calculations of pressure drop and gas holdup for
gas-liquid flows.
* Content: Non-newtonian fluids including Bingham plastics
* Application of Navier-Stokes equation
* Simple models for turbulent flow including universal velocity
profile
* Prandtl-Taylor analogy, calculation of 1/7th power law
* Approximation for turbulent boundary layer, introduction to
thermal and diffusion boundary layers
* Two-phase (gas-liquid) flow: flow patterns, basic equations
and nomenclature
* Lockhart-Martinelli correlation
* Multiphase mixing reactors
* Introduction to petroleum reservoir engineering. Secondary and
enhanced oil recovery methods.
* Multiphase flow in reservoir porous media
* EOR: gas injection processes and thermal recovery methods
CHEL0034: Advanced process management & economics
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 3
Assessment: EX100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To extend understanding
of the economic evaluation of engineering projects, particularly
involving the treatment of uncertainties using statistical methods.
To gain a wider perspective of the business environment in which
companies have to operate, from the practitioner's viewpoint of
company structure, legal framework, financial control, marketing,
project management, corporate and R & D strategy.
After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be able to use various methods for the economic evaluation of
projects
* be able to read a company report and balance sheet; maintain
control during a project of costs incurred using financial information
available
* know how a project is planned and the principles of critical
path scheduling,
* know models of company structure and operating style and how
employees are managed
* know the legal framework in which companies, unions and employees
operate; the major constraints imposed on them through legislation
and how it is developed, enabled and enforced
* understand corporate strategies for long term planning; the
role of R & D and innovation
* understand importance of marketing, total quality and customer
needs.
* Content: Feasibility analysis; interest and inflation
rates
* Comparison of net present value, B/C, IRR. Cash flow techniques.
Sensitivity analysis.
* Effect of uncertainty on forecasts and decision making
* Cumulative probability curves
* Monte Carlo simulation, decision trees
* Bayes strategies; critical path methods
* Total quality; marketing; legal aspects (contracts, patents,
European law); project management
* Company accounts; R & D/marketing interface, employee relations
CHEL0035: General
Semester 2
Credits: 5
Level: Level 3
Assessment: EX100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To explore the wider role
of the Chemical Engineer in society.
After successfully completing this unit the student should be
able to:
* make a reasoned and informed response to matters of general
concern related to the practice of Chemical Engineering.
CHEL0038: Experimental project
Semester 2
Credits: 10
Level: Level 3
Assessment: OT100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To produce and carry out
an independent work programme, making good use of the School of
Chemical Engineering's extensive research facilities and experience.
Content: A wide range of projects, experimental and theoretical/
computational, both chemical and biochemical engineering, will
be on offer at the beginning of the winter term.
The project is essentially broken into two parts. The initial
stage, which takes place in the first semester, involves getting
to know what is required and devising a work plan. During this
period, you will be encouraged to discuss the project in more
detail with the academic supervisor(s), along with, if relevant
researchers and technicians. At the end of the semester a short,
preliminary report must be submitted which includes: (i) outline
of the project (ii) literature survey (iii) materials and methods,
(iv) completed set of any necessary safety forms (e.g. COSHH assessments)
and (v) experimental work programme (scheduled around the time
available in the Spring term). An additional requirement during
this semester, may be attendance at short-courses which will provide
necessary enabling skills (e.g. use of specialized analytical
equipment, microbial culture techniques).
In the second semester, time will be time-tabled to carry out
the project, although after discussion with both academic supervisors
and technicians, it may be possible to carry out additional work
during other times. However, all laboratory work must be carried
out between 9:15 am and 17:00 pm, Monday to Friday.
At the conclusion of the project you will need to produce and
submit a detailed report. It should follow a similar format to
the preliminary report, except two additional sections are required,
(i) results and discussion and (ii) conclusions and recommendation
for further work.
The final requirement, is a poster presentation based on the project.
This consists of six A4 sides and should give a lucid summary
of the work carried out, by outlining key methods and results.
The posters will be put-up during the first week after the Easter
vacation, and subsequently assessed.
CHEL0040: Waste management
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Undergraduate Masters
Assessment: EX75 CW25
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To give the students an
awareness of the problems of "waste" (solid, liquid
and gaseous), and the methods of managing waste to meet with the
requirements of legislation, economic and environmental considerations.
After successfully completing the unit the student should:
* be able to identify what is waste
* to able to determine the sources of waste
* be familiar with the legislation covering the handling and disposal
of waste
* be able to formulate a scheme for waste management for a process
and, where appropriate, be able to suggest methods of reducing
the quantity of waste produced by either more efficient processing,
clean technology, waste recovery, recycle or reuse
* be able to identify the costs associated with a waste management
scheme.
Content: Hierarchies of good waste management practice;
* authorities involved in waste i.e. Health and Safety Executive,
Pollution Inspectorate, National Rivers Authority;
* relevant legislation - the Pollution Act, the Duty of Care etc;
* identification characterisation and documentation of wastes;
* records, costs, storage, licensing, future liability; contractors;
transfrontier movements;
* outline treatment of solid wastes - techniques including landfill,
stabilisation, incineration;
* outline treatment of liquid wastes - destruction or recovery
and recycle, biological treatment etc;
* outline treatment of gaseous streams - scrubbing, filtration,
incineration etc;
* auditing of waste management systems in-house and contractors.
CHEL0041: Pollution control
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Undergraduate Masters
Assessment: EX75 CW15 ES10
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To introduce the technologies
of Air and Water Pollution Control and the major environmental
effects of pollution.
Students successfully completing the course should know the operating
and design principles of the major technologies and the pollutants
which they are most effective at controlling and be able to recommend
appropriate solutions to particular cases of pollution control
Content: Water pollutants and their effects
* Chemical treatment: precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption,
catalytic oxidation, photocatalytic processes
* Physical treatment: sedimentation, flocculation, deep bed filtration
* Biological treatment: principles, suspended growth processes,
fixed growth processes, anaerobic processes
* Combined processes and total systems
* Air pollutants and their effects
* Particulate removal: filters, scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators
* Chemical removal: scrubbers, fixed bed adsorbers, catalytic
converters
CHEL0042: Environmental awareness
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Undergraduate Masters
Assessment: EX75 CW25
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To develop an appreciation
of the complexity of environmental interactions and the ways in
which our activities can impinge on the ecosystem as a whole.
After successfully completing the unit the student should:
* Be aware of the macroscopic effects of industrial activities
on the environment.
* Appreciate the complexity of environmental pathways, their effect
in modifying the environmental impact of potential pollutants
and the difficulties inherent in quantifying these effects.
* Have an understanding of how pollutants are transported and
dispersed in the environment.
* Be able to conduct a life cycle analysis to predict the environmental
effects of process design choices
Content: Introduction to the concepts of an integrated
environment - the Gaia hypothesis.
* Biodiversity.
* Environmental pathways and endpoints.
* Contributions of chemical and biological processing to local
environmental problems.
* Principles of toxicology.
* Health issues.
* Contributions of chemical and biological processing to global
environmental problems.
* Energy conversion - renewable and non-renewable resources.
* Climate effects: global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain.
* Water quality.
* Behaviour of pollutants in the environment.
* Effects of pollutants on environmental quality.
* Mechanisms of pollutant transport and dispersion via air water
and land.
* Life cycle analysis.
CHEL0043: Environmental management systems
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Undergraduate Masters
Assessment: EX75 CW25
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To provide an introduction
to the principles and practices of environmental management systems
and environmental auditing in the context of the processing industries.
After successfully completing the unit the student should:
* understand the basic structure of modern environmental management
systems
* be able to prepare components of an EMS for a simple processing
environment
* understand the requirements for complex processing sites and
large companies
Content: Origins and benefits; EMS elements; EMS loops
* British, European and International standards; comparisons of
BS7750, EMAS and ISO 14001
* Company culture and commitment; the preparatory review
* Case study of a preparatory review
* Environmental policy statement
* Case study of the formulation of an environmental policy statement
* Organisation, personnel and responsibilities; case studies
* Register of environmental regulations; case study and examples
* Register of environmental effects; process/site based assessments;
examples
* Life cycle assessment; indicative assessment matrix; effects
identification matrix
* Risk based approaches to determining significance of environmental
effects
* Case study for combined cycle gas turbine power station
* Objectives and targets
* Management programme and manual
* Operational control and records
* Environmental auditing and reporting
CHEL0044: Pollution prevention & clean technology
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Undergraduate Masters
Assessment: EX90 CW10
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To develop an understanding
of the role that process design and development play in pollution
prevention and clean technology.
After successfully completing the unit the student should:
* Understand the role of elimination, minimisation and recycling
in pollution prevention.
* Be aware of the engineering aspects of waste reduction in both
new and existing processes.
* Be aware of the tools available for clean design and analysis
of processes.
* Understand the kinetic and thermodynamic limitations on pollution
prevention regimes.
Content: Hierarchies of good environmental practices.
* Waste minimisation methodology.
* Waste elimination, minimisation, and recycling.
* Engineering aspects of waste reduction at source.
* Benefits and challenges of advanced treatments.
* Technological change in new and existing processes.
* Implications arising from changes in products and raw materials.
* Recycling methods (on-site and off-site), Re-use and reclamation.
* Waste to energy processes.
* Quantification of wastes and effluents.
* Process waste diagrams and environmental mass balances.
* Design simulation and optimisation methods.
* Thermodynamic and kinetic limitations.
* Quantification of progress, Normalisation of data and indexing.
CHEL0045: Environmental research project
Semester 2
Credits: 20
Level: Undergraduate Masters
Assessment: OT100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To produce and carry-out
an independent work programme, of either an experimental or theoretical/
computational nature, based around environmental control and/or
management themes and making good use of the Chemical Engineering's
extensive research facilities and experience.
Content:
CHEL0046: Environmental impact assessment
Semester 2
Credits: 10
Level: Undergraduate Masters
Assessment: OT100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To develop a deeper understanding
of environmental and related issues associated with the preparation
and defence of an environmental statement for a chemical or bio-process
development.
Content: Environmental statement/assessment
* Quantification of emissions
* Impact of residual emissions
* Visual impact
* Noise
* Transportation and vehicle movements
* Fire and emergency
* Justification of process technology selected
* Justification for the plant
ENGR0003: Process design 2
Semester 2
Credits: 5
Level: Level 2
Assessment: OR10 OT90
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: The second year project
is carried out in collaboration with an industrial partner and
is intended as an introduction to a systematic approach to chemical
engineering design.
To give the student a practical grounding in the mechanical design
of plant and in particular of pressure vessels according to BS5500.
After successfully completing this unit the student should be
able to:
* Compare alternative routes by technical/economic reasoning
* Prepare a specification sheet for the design of an individual
unit
* Prepare a process and instrumentation diagram (P&I) for
a single unit
* Plan and organise the use of group time
* perform an outline mechanical design of a pressure vessel and
know, in principle, how to use a commercial software package for
this purpose.
* write a specification and communicate with the specialist who
would do the detailed design.
Content: Introduction, stress and strain, temperature and
pressure effects
* Selection of material, corrosion allowances and wall thickness.
* Safety factors, cracks, plastic region.
* Flanges and gaskets; types of welds.
* Stress concentrations, openings and branches.
* Bending and supports, thin wall theory.
* Vessel ends e.g. flat, hemispherical, torispherical.
* Weight loads, wind loads, vessel supports.
* How to use a commercial software design package.
* Laboratory class: use of strain gauges and measurements on a
container.
* Use of a CAD package for mass & energy balances and accessing
the physical property data bank,
* Use of a CAD packages to predict thermodynamic data,
* Working as a team,
* Project planning,
* Use of short-cut techniques in unit design,
* Making process decisions,
* Exploring the consequences of alternatives with and without
the use of CAD,
* Consideration of energy integration and optimisation, cost estimates
and preliminary hazard analysis.
ENGR0004: Design project 3
Semester 2
Credits: 15
Level: Level 3
Assessment: OT100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To introduce legislation
governing the environment and the use of genetically modified
organisms and how this affects engineers in managerial, operational
and design roles.
To provide information on the properties and uses of materials.
To prepare a preliminary group report for the design project.
To enable students to demonstrate that:
* they are capable of developing an integral systems approach
to chemical engineering and of applying the principles of chemical
and/or biochemical engineering to the design of a process,
* they have creative and critical skills, and are able to make
choices and decisions in areas of uncertainty,
* they can work together in a team, and also alone,
* they can communicate effectively the results of their work in
the form of written reports that include drawings.
Content: introduction to environmental legislation and
factors that have an influence
* control of liquid discharges and air emissions
* integrated pollution control (IPC)
* environmental assessments and statements
* introduction to regulations governing the use of genetically
modified organisms (GMOs)
* biosafety and containment of GMOs
* introduction to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) with respect
to bioprocess plant
* materials of construction for chemical and bioprocess plant
* preparation of a preliminary technical and economic appraisal
of a process where safety and * environmental issues form an integral
part of process screening
* preparation of an outline process flowsheet
* Market survey, Review of alternatives
* Physical and chemical property data
* Creation and synthesis of flowsheet
* Safety and operability
* Environmental issues
* Capital and operating costs
* Unit specification sheets, Flowsheets, Engineering drawings
and sketches
* Executive summary
* Demonstration of viability
* Individual unit design
* Application of rigorous methods
* Mechanical design
* Outline of control and P & I diagrams
MATH0116: Mathematical techniques 1
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 1
Assessment: EX75 CW25
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To provide students with
a basic introduction in the mathematical skills necessary to tackle
process engineering design and applications.
Content:
* Differentiation and integration: Revision of differentiation
of logarithmic, exponential and inverse trigonometrical functions;
Revision of applications of integration including polar and parametric
co-ordinates
* Further calculus: Hyperbolic functions, Inverse functions, McLaurin's
and Taylor's theorem, Limits, Approximate methods, including solution
of equations by Newton's method and integration by Simpson's rule
* Partial differentials: functions of several variables, Small
errors, Total differential
* Differential equations: Solution of first order equations using
separation of variables and integrating factor; Linear equations
with constant coefficients using trial method for particular integral;
Simultaneous linear differential equations.
UNIV0016: Organic chemistry & chemical thermodynamics
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 1
Assessment: EX100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To provide a good background
to the type and structure of organic compounds used and produced
on the process industries.
To provide students with a basic understanding of chemical thermodynamics.
After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be able to draw and interpret the structures of organic compounds
and understand the important points of nomenclature,
* understand the basic ideas of electronic structure and steric
effects and be able to relate them to the reactivity of the common
organic functional groups,
* appreciate how important organic chemicals are produced industrially
from simple, naturally occurring substances.
* be able to calculate the composition of systems in chemical
equilibrium,
* be able to interpret thermodynamic diagrams and extract data
from thermodynamic tables.
Content: Bonding and structure: atomic and molecular orbitals,
hybridisation, shapes of molecules, functional groups.
* Alkanes: general properties, nomenclature, isomerism, natural
sources, cycloalkanes, conformation, reactions - chlorination
of methane, cracking.
* Alkenes: general properties, cis/ trans isomerism, addition
reactions, Markovnikov vs. anti-Markovnikov addition, industrial
uses of ethylene.
* Alkynes: basic properties.
* Stereochemistry: enantiomers, absolute configuration, R and
S notation, diastereomers.
* Alcohols: nomenclature, industrially important alcohols.
* Aldehydes and ketones: basic properties, keto-enol tautomerism,
reactions with nucleophiles and electrophiles, acetals / ketals,
carbohydrates (briefly).
* Carboxylic acids and their derivatives: lipids, detergents.
* Introduction to benzene: Kekule's problem, molecular orbital
theory of benzene, resonance stabilisation energy of benzene.
* Aromatic vs. alkene reactions, mechanism of electrophilic aromatic
substitution, electrophilic substitution with monosubstitued benzene
rings.
* Industrial preparation and uses of benzene, focus on phenol
(industrial preparation), aromatic compounds and cancer.
* Polymer Chemistry: types of polymer, addition polymers and condensation
polymers, formation of an addition polymer (polystyrene), formation
of condensation polymers, nylon and bakelite.
* First Law for closed and open systems and its applications
* Internal energy, enthalpy, and heat capacities
* spontaneous change and conditions of equilibrium for physical
and chemical systems
* thermodynamic functions including chemical potential
* chemical equilibrium constant and relationship with Gibb's free
energy
* phase equilibria charts for P-v, T-s, and H-s
* thermodynamic tables
* vapour pressure, Clausius-Clapeyron equation
UNIV0017: Further mathematical techniques & engineering
drawing
Semester 2
Credits: 5
Level: Level 1
Assessment: EX45 CW15 OT40
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To provide students with
a basic introduction in the mathematical skills necessary to tackle
process engineering design and applications. To introduce the
concept of random variation, and to show how to describe and model
it.
To teach students how to prepare outline engineering drawings
and how to interpret drawings that they may encounter whilst working
as a chemical or a bio-process engineer.
After successfully completing this unit the student should be
able to:
* deal with a number of relevant applications in data analysis
* describe equipment using standard drawing conventions (pumping
circuit)
* prepare outline engineering drawings and sketches of process
flow-sheets and process units,
* interpret mechanical drawings which they may encounter whilst
working as chemical or bio-process engineers.
Content: Linear algebra: Determinants, Matrix algebra,
Inverse, Partitioning, Systems of linear algebraic equations;
Numerical methods, Solution of linear algebraic equation, Solution
of non-linear equations by iterative methods
* Complex numbers: Argand diagram: Cartesian, polar and exponential
forms, nth roots, Elementary functions of a complex variable.
* Statistics: Descriptive statistics, diagrams; mean, mode, median
and standard deviation
* Elementary probability: including binomial, Poisson and normal
distributions, Tests of significance, Linear regression
* Introduction to course, standards, orthographic projection,
organisation of design office.
* Sectional drawings of process units and isometric views.
* Examples of process units e.g. storage tank, heat exchanger,
distillation column.
* Examples of interpreting drawings of mechanical plant e.g. pumps,
valves.
* Chemical engineering flow line diagram symbols; piping, instrumentation
and control diagrams.
* Plan drawings of process plant showing equipment layout on the
site.
UNIV0029: Instrumentation & control 1
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 1
Assessment: EX100
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To provide an introduction
to essential measurement techniques, chemical analysis, control
equipment and basic concepts of control theory to enable students
to understand the requirements of successful process control strategies.
After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be able to define and identify the typical building blocks of
a control loop,
* have an appreciation of the principles of temperature, flow,
pressure and level measurement,
* understand the techniques of chemical analysis and chemical
measurements,
* be aware of the equipment required to effect the control of
flow, temperature, pressure, level, pH and chemical composition,
* be able to suggest ways of implementing simple control solutions.
Content: * Flow measuring devices: description and operating
principles; measurement of pressure; the pitot tube; the orifice
and nozzle; the venturi meter; rotameter, the notch or weir.
* Introduction to various types of valves, regulators and fittings
* Description and uses of the various types of pumps: centrifugal;
piston; diaphragm; gear; mono; peristaltic; ejector; blowers;
air-lift; virtual head developed by centrifugal pump; cavitation
and net positive suction head.
* Principal backup systems in the case of control valve failure
* Basic terminology: offshoot; overshoot; lag; feed-forward; feed-back;
proportional; integral; derivative; hunting; loop; fail-safe
* Major analytic instruments used in control measurements: their
advantages and disadvantages
* Single and multistage solvent extraction: Titrimetry: acid-base;
redox; complexometric titrations
* Chromatography: liquid-solid; liquid-liquid; paper; thin layer;
HPLC; gas-liquid; gas-solid
Electrophoresis, Ion exchange methods, Electrodes and biosensors
* Optical (spectroscopic) methods: atomic (e.g. emission and absorption);
molecular (e.g. infrared and ultraviolet) spectra.
UNIV0030: Process dynamics & control 2
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 2
Assessment: EX90 PR10
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To give students a basic
understanding of process dynamics and simple control systems and
their modelling by analytical methods.
After successfully completing this unit the student should be
able to:
* use Laplace Transform techniques to solve initial value problems
* describe the dynamic behaviour of first and second order systems
to step, impulse and sine disturbances
* derive transfer functions for open-loop processes from transient
mass or energy balances
* derive the transfer function for a PID controller
* derive transfer functions for closed-loop processes from the
transfer functions of their individual units
* calculate the control parameters necessary to meet performance
specifications on a closed-loop process from its transfer function
Content: Introduction to process dynamics and control.
* Laplace transforms to solve initial value problems
* Step and impulse functions
* Transfer functions and frequency response
* State space representation .
* Transfer functions, linearisation, open-loop response
* First order and time-delay processes
* Block diagrams
* Controllers, final control elements, Control loop configuration
* Closed loop control
* Overall transfer function and transient response for servo and
regular operation.
UNIV0031: Mathematical modelling 2
Semester 2
Credits: 5
Level: Level 2
Assessment: EX55 CW45
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To introduce mathematical
modelling techniques. To introduce numerical techniques for the
solution of models arising in Chemical Engineering. To provide
students with the ability to use a commercial flowsheeting simulation
package (ASPEN) in their design projects.
After successfully completing the unit students should be able
to:
* develop realistic mathematical models of unit operations using
MATLAB and ASPEN,
* understand the numerical methods employed in solving the equations
of models and choose the most suitable method for a given application,
* analyse the results from modelling activities and so perform
a sensitivity analysis.
Content: Mathematical modelling techniques
* introduction to formulation of models; mass, energy and momentum
balances
* application to reactor and distillation modelling
* Numerical Methods
* introduction to initial value problems
* numerical linear algebra
* stability
* boundary value problems
Flowsheet simulation using ASPEN
* choice of thermodynamic, reactor and separator models
* convergence and tear streams
* design specifications and sensitivity analysis
UNIV0032: Mathematical modelling 3
Semester 1
Credits: 5
Level: Level 3
Assessment: EX80 CW20
Requisites:
Aims & Learning Objectives: To provide students with
an ability to formulate mathematical models of dynamic systems
typical of chemical processing as systems of differential equations
and to solve these models numerically.
After successfully completing this unit the student should:
* be able to choose numerical methods suitable for the solution
of non-linear second order elliptic and parabolic partial differential
equations with given initial and boundary values and systems of
non-linear first order ordinary differential equations with suitable
initial conditions.
* be able to formulate mathematical models which describe dynamic
chemical processes in the time domain and assign boundary and
initial conditions.
* be able to solve the problems formulated using MATLAB.
Content: Mathematics of p.d.e.s and numerical solutions
* Mathematics of linear p.d.e.s, the p.d.e., b.c. and i.c. as
a system, classification of system into elliptic, parabolic and
hyperbolic.
* solution by finite difference methods, method of characteristics,
stability.
* Non-linear problems and their solution by the above methods.
* The concept of finite elements for the heat conduction problem.
* Examples: solution of a heterogeneous catalysis problem in slab
or cylinder geometry with non-linear kinetics, adsorption waves
in a column with non-linear isotherm.
Modelling with o.d.e.s, simulation of non-linear problem sets
* Equation formulation, use of constraints. Selection of initial
and boundary conditions.
* Conversion of equations into MATLAB programmes. Methods of debugging.
- Examples from reaction engineering and separation: simultaneous
reactions in a bath reactor - bioreaction metabolic engineering
problem, catalysis in a tubular reactor, adsorption in a column.
Back to:
Chemical Engineering Programme Catalogue
Programme / Unit Catalogue 1997/98