Guide to the manuscript papers of British
scientists: H
ACCESS ARRANGEMENTS
The collections described in this guide have been catalogued
by the Unit and subsequently deposited in libraries and archives throughout the
UK.
Inclusion in this guide does not imply that collections will be completely
available for research. There are restrictions on access to items in a number
of the collections and researchers should always consult the appropriate
repository before planning a visit.
New. Most of
the catalogues compiled by the Unit can now be viewed online through the Access
to Archives website at the National Archives (http://www.a2a.org.uk). Direct links to the catalogues are being
(gradually) added from this Guide.
To view the full-text catalogue, please click on the link under Finding
Aid. Note, some catalogues are very
extensive and may take a few moments to download.
An indication of the size of
the file is provided.
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HANBURY BROWN, Robert (1916-2002),
astronomer. See BROWN, Robert Hanbury
HANSON, Emmeline Jean (1919-1973), biophysicist
HARDY, Sir Alister Clavering (1896-1985). Knight,
zoologist
HARLEY, John Laker (1911-1990), forest scientist
HARRIS, Geoffrey Wingfield (1913-1971),
neuroendocrinologist
HARTREE, Douglas Rayner (1897-1958),
mathematician
HEATLEY, Norman George (1911-2004), biochemist
HEWER, Humphrey Robert (1903-1974), zoologist
HEYWOOD, Harold (1905-1971), physicist
HILL, Sir John McGregor (1921-2008), physicist
HILL, Robert (‘Robin’) (1899-1991),
biochemist
HINDLE, Edward (1886-1973), zoologist, tropical
medic
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HINSHELWOOD, Sir Cyril Norman (1897-1967),
physical chemist
HINTON, Christopher, Baron Hinton of Bankside
(1901-1983), engineer
HINTON, Howard Everest (1912-1977), entomologist
HODGKIN, Sir Alan Lloyd (1914-1998), physiologist
HODGKIN, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot (1910-1994),
biochemist
HOGBEN, Lancelot Thomas (1895-1975), biologist,
medical statistician
HUDSON, Robert George Spencer (1895-1965),
palaeontologist
HUME-ROTHERY, William (1894-1968), metallurgist. See ROTHERY, William HUME-
HUNTER, Herbert (1882-1959), agriculturalist (Plant
breeding)
HUTCHISON, Sir Kenneth (1903-1989). Knight, engineer
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Hanson,
Emmeline Jean, 1919-1973. Biophysicist.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
King's College London,
College Archives. Reference code: GB
0100 KCLCA Hanson
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Emmeline Jean Hanson, 1919-1973
Dates
of creation of material: 1938-1975
Extent:
20 boxes
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Hanson was born at Newhall, Derbyshire and educated at the
Girls' High School, Burton-on-Trent, 1930-1938,
and Bedford College,
London where
she read zoology, 1938-1941. After early research at Bedford
College and the Strangeways
Laboratory, Cambridge,
she was appointed Demonstrator in Zoology, Bedford College, 1944-1948. In 1948
J.T. Randall invited her to join the staff of the Biophysical Research Unit
that he was establishing at King's College, London with funding from the Medical Research
Council. Hanson remained at King's until her death, becoming Professor of
Biology in 1966 and Director of the Muscle Biophysics Research Unit in 1970.
Hanson's research was concerned with the structural basis of muscular
contraction. Her most important investigations began during 1953-1954 when she
held a Rockefeller Fellowship at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It
was here, in F.O. Schmitt's laboratory, that she began her collaboration with
H.E. Huxley which led to the formulation and testing of the sliding filament
hypothesis of muscular contraction. She was elected FRS in 1967.
Custodial history:
Received for cataloguing in 1975-1977 from Dr Gerald
Offer, Hanson's scientific executor. Placed in King's College London in 1978.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The papers include a full range of notes on lectures
attended by Hanson as an undergraduate, and of her own drafts for lectures,
carefully revised each year, which provides a record of undergraduate teaching
in zoology at Bedford College, 1938-1948. There are also the courses of
lectures in biophysics which she gave at King's College, 1960-1973. Hanson's
research is represented by extensive laboratory notebooks and working papers,
1938-1973, which include ideas for research and comments on current and
projected experiments as well as records and observations of work in
progress. There are reports on the work of the Muscle Biophysics Unit,
drafts for publications 1950-1973 and unpublished invitation lectures and talks
1956-1973, and scientific correspondence, 1956-1973. When Hanson or her
principal colleagues were abroad on conferences, or visiting fellow-scientists
and their laboratories, they exchanged frequent and extensive letters. A
detailed picture can thus be formed of her own research and general progress in
the field, and also of the scientists involved both in her laboratory and
elsewhere.
Arrangement:
By section as follows: Biographical and personal, Bedford
College London, Laboratory notebooks and working papers, King's College London,
Lectures and conferences, Scientific correspondence, Publications. Index of
correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Open, subject to the production of identification and signature of the reader's
undertaking.
Language:
English.
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Emmeline Jean
Hanson: CSAC catalogue no. 51/5/77, 25 pp. Copies available from NCUACS, University of Bath
Hardy, Sir Alister Clavering, 1896-1985. Knight.
Zoologist and religious thinker.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Reference code: GB 0161 A.C. Hardy papers
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Sir Alister Clavering Hardy, 1896-1985.
Dates
of creation of material: ca 1908 - ca 1985.
Extent:
95 boxes
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Hardy was born in Nottingham and educated at Oundle School
and Exeter College,
Oxford where
his studies were interrupted in 1915 by war service with the Northern Cyclist
Battalion. He returned to Oxford in 1919 and
undertook research at the Stazione Zoologica, Naples
before taking up his first post at the Fisheries Laboratory, Lowestoft
in 1921. Here the study of plankton became his principal research interest and
prompted the devising of recording apparatus leading to the Continuous Plankton
Recorder. In 1924 Hardy was appointed Zoologist on the Discovery expedition
to the Antarctic, 1925-1927, and on his return he was appointed to the newly
created chair in zoology and oceanography at University
College, Hull. In 1942 he moved to the Regius Chair in
Natural History at Aberdeen University and in 1946 to the Linacre Chair in
Zoology at Oxford
University where he
remained for the rest of his career. Here he encouraged the ecological field
researches of the Bureau of Animal Population (C.S. Elton q.v.) and the Edward
Grey Institute for Field Ornithology (D.L. Lack q.v.) and was responsible for
persuading the ethologist N. Tinbergen (q.v.) to move his animal behaviour
research from the University of Leiden to Oxford. Hardy retired from his Oxford chair in 1960 and
increasingly devoted himself to his longstanding religious interests. In 1968
he set up the Religious Experience Research Unit at Manchester
College, Oxford to assemble and analyse religious
experiences and the award of the 1985 Templeton Prize enabled this work to
continue as the Alister Hardy Research Centre.
Custodial history
Received for cataloguing in 1986-1988 from Mr Michael Hardy
and Mrs Belinda Farley, son and daughter. Placed in Bodleian Library
(gift) in 1988.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The papers give a good picture of many aspects of Hardy's
life and career. Biographical material includes the plans, outlines and several
draft chapters for the autobiography which Hardy did not live to complete; the
extant draft goes to 1925. Hardy's scientific research and publications are
perhaps underdocumented but there is material on the early plankton research
and the development of the plankton indicator and recorder, and on the Discovery
expedition, with Hardy's preparatory work and sketches and his journals and
reports. Other projects represented are aerial drift, vertical migration and
the 'Aquatic man' theory. The correspondence, though generally slight, has more
substantial exchanges in the 1920s with Armand Denis, the Belgian zoologist and
film-maker whom Hardy met at Naples, and with
Sir John Ellerman the shipping magnate who supported Hardy's oceanographic work
at Hull.
Another dimension of Hardy's life and work is represented by material on his
religious interests. There are records of his early (1916) and continuing
interest in telepathy and thought transference, a considerable number of
lectures and publications, and documentation of the history of the Religious
Experience Research Unit from its founding in 1968 to Hardy's death in 1985.
A special feature of the papers is documentation (including photographs) of
Hardy's service with the Northern Cyclist Battalion during the First World War
and of his continuing contacts with members of the battalion and their families
throughout the rest of his very long life. Other interests such as flight and
balloons, boxing, writing fiction and poetry, and drawing and painting are also
represented.
Arrangement
By section as follows: Biographical and autobiographical,
Zoology and marine biology, Religion and the paranormal, Patents, inventions
and ideas, Other interests, Non-print material. Index of correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Entry permitted only on presentation of a valid reader's card or an Oxford
University Card displaying the Bodleian logo. All applicants for new or
replacement cards must apply in person, with a recommendation and payment if
required, and with proof of their identity.
Some items not available for 30 years from date of writing
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Sir Alister
Clavering Hardy: NCUACS catalogue no. 5/4/88, 98 pp. Copies available
from NCUACS, University
of Bath
ALLIED MATERIALS
In other repositories
Watercolours of temples are held at the Alister Hardy
Research Centre, Oxford.
A framed photograph of the George Bligh and crew, and plans and
miscellaneous photographs of the Continuous Plankton Recorder are held at the
Fisheries Laboratory, Lowestoft.
Taped recollections are held in Hull University Archives.
26 watercolours and three photographs of the Discovery expedition are
held at the Natural History Museum, London.
The original Continuous Plankton Recorder was deposited in the Science Museum,
London.
Insect drift material is held at
the Monks Wood Experimental Station, Huntingdon.
Archives, Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
One folder of correspondence exchanged by Sir Alister Clavering Hardy and Dr
Lanna Cheng in the Lanna Cheng Papers (Box 7). Accession number (which has not yet been processed) 2006-22.
The folder contains correspondence dated 1984- 1985 between Cheng and Hardy.
Hardy apparently sent Cheng some originals (and some copies)of lectures, notes,
and research data related to marine insects. The earliest material in this file
dates to 1938. There is, for instance,
what appears to be an original mimeograph entitled, "University College of
Hull. Preliminary Report on the
investigation of insect drift over the North Sea,
June to October 1938."
Another mimeograph is entitled, "Interim summary report on the Insect
Drift Investigations in the Department of Zoology, Oxford, 1947-1948."
Harley, John Laker,
1911-1990. Forest scientist.
IDENTITY
STATEMENT
Repository:
Bodleian Library, Oxford. Reference code: GB 0161 J.L. Harley papers
Title:
Papers and correspondence of John Laker Harley, 1911-1990
Dates
of creation of material: 1930-1991
Extent:
31 boxes
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Harley was born at Charlton, Kent and educated at Leeds
Grammar School and Wadham College,
Oxford where he
read botany. Some of his undergraduate field study work was of sufficiently
high quality to merit inclusion in A.G. Tansley's classic work on The British Islands and their Vegetation. The
award of a Christopher Welch Scholarship in 1933 enabled Harley to embark on
postgraduate study at Oxford,
on beech mycorrhiza which became the principal topic of his research career. In
1939 he was appointed a Departmental Demonstrator in the Oxford Botany
Department, but from October 1940 served in the Royal Signals, being part of
the Army Operational Research Group from 1943 and working in India and Burma;
he was demobilised with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in September 1945 and
returned to Oxford.
His long connexion with The Queen's College began in 1946, first as Browne
Research Fellow, then as Tutorial Fellow from 1951 until his move to Sheffield in 1965.
From 1948 began the most productive period of Harley's research career,
working with a succession of able research students on careful studies of
factors governing nutrient absorption and uptake in myrcorrhizal roots of
beech. In 1965, feeling under some pressure from university and college
administrative committees and hoping to be freer to pursue active research, he
accepted an invitation from his old friend and former tutor A.R. Clapham to
take up the second Chair of Botany at Sheffield.
In practice, Harley found a considerable administrative and departmental burden
fell on him there also, including complete redesigning and reorganising of the
laboratories, and he was conscious of a further slowing-down of his research
activity. In 1969 he was asked to return to Oxford and the newly designated Chair of
Forest Science. His ten-year tenure of the chair was highly productive in his
own research, in the development of the department and its research units, and
in his many commitments to the university, to learned societies and to UK and
international science.
He was President of the British Ecological Society 1970-1971 and the
Institute of Biology 1984-1986 and was awarded the Gold Medal of the Linnean
Society in 1988. He was elected FRS in 1964.
See D.C. Smith & D.H. Lewis, 'John Laker Harley', Biographical
Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, vol 39 (1994), 157-175 .
Custodial history
The papers were received for cataloguing in 1992-1993 from
Mrs E.L. Harley, widow. Placed in Bodleian Library (gift) in 1993.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The papers include research material and records of Harley's
publications, lectures and visits and conferences. The research material dates
from all stages of Harley's career. Of interest are the undergraduate work
1932-1933 on the ashwoods of Ribblesdale which A.G. Tansley used in his
published work and the graduate work, 1937-1939 with E.W. Yemm on ecological
surveys in Wensleydale. Harley's research was almost always collaborative, as
can be seen from the notes and records of the 1950s on beech mycorrhiza; his
collaborators have been identified where possible but many others such as J.S.
Waid, D.C. Smith, D.H. Lewis and B.C. Loughman are not represented. There is
documentation of Harley's principal books (The history of mycorrhiza and
Mycorrhiza) and many of his scientific papers but there is virtually
nothing in the collection relating to his work as editor, referee or advisor,
notably for New Phytologist. There are lectures covering a wide date
span 1940-1990 and some material relating to overseas visits especially to Australia and New Zealand. The correspondence is
mainly incoming letters to which Harley replied in longhand and there are few
extended sequences. Of considerable biographical interest is the draft of
Harley's unpublished autobiography 'As luck would have it' and there are also
records of his appointment to the chairs in Sheffield and Oxford.
Arrangement
By section as follows: Biographical, Oxford, Research, Publications, Lectures,
papers and addresses, Visits and conferences, Societies and organisations,
Correspondence. Index of correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Entry permitted only on presentation of a valid reader's card or an Oxford
University Card displaying the Bodleian logo. All applicants for new or
replacement cards must apply in person, with a recommendation and payment if
required, and with proof of their identity.
Language:
English
Finding aids: Printed Catalogue
of the papers and correspondence of John Laker Harley: NCUACS catalogue no.
41/3/93, 56pp. Copies available from NCUACS, University of Bath
Harris, Geoffrey Wingfield, 1913-1971.
Neuroendocrinologist.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Bodleian Library, Oxford. Reference code: GB 0161 G.W. Harris papers
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Geoffrey Wingfield Harris, 1913-1971
Dates
of creation of material: 1913-1972
Extent:
24 boxes
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Harris was born in Acton, London and educated at Dulwich College, 1927-1931, Emmanuel College,
Cambridge (M.A. M.B. B.Chir.), 1932-1939, and St
Mary's Hospital, London,
1936-1940. He returned to Cambridge University as Demonstrator and Lecturer in Anatomy
and Physiology, 1940-1952, moving to the Maudsley
Hospital, London, as head of the Laboratory of
Experimental Neuroendocrinology, 1952-1962. He was Dr Lee's Professor of
Anatomy at Oxford
University from 1962
until his death. Harris's work was the study of the control of the multiple
activities of the pituitary gland, and the reciprocal interactions of the brain
and endocrine glands. He travelled widely, published and lectured extensively,
and served on many medical and scientific committees. He was elected FRS in
1953.
Custodial history
Received for cataloguing in 1973 from Mrs Margaret Harris,
widow. Placed in Bodleian Library (gift) in 1973.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
There is biographical material relating to Harris and his
career including family letters and correspondence relating to offers of posts
and appointments. There are laboratory notebooks covering the whole of his
career, 1931-1970, many notes for lectures, demonstrations, speeches and talks
given in Britain and abroad, 1940-1970, drafts for publications and
correspondence. The correspondence is mainly late, since much was destroyed by
Harris when he moved from London to Oxford in 1962.
Arrangement
By section as follows: Biographical, Laboratory notebooks,
Lectures and demonstrations, Working papers, Publications, Correspondence, List
of experimental material in the Department of Human Anatomy. Index of
correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Entry permitted only on presentation of a valid reader's card or an Oxford
University Card displaying the Bodleian logo. All applicants for new or
replacement cards must apply in person, with a recommendation and payment if
required, and with proof of their identity.
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Geoffrey Wingfield
Harris: CSAC catalogue no. 4/73, 12 pp. Copies available from NCUACS, University of Bath
ALLIED MATERIALS
In same repository
Some laboratory material, including slides, photographs and
experimental observations remained in the Department of Human Anatomy, Oxford. A selection from
this material was accepted in 1984 for permanent preservation in the Bodleian
Library after sorting and listing by the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford.
In other repositories
Harris's experimental apparatus was deposited at the Wellcome Historical
Medical Museum,
London. In 1976
the museum was transferred on indefinite loan to the Science
Museum, London.
Hartree, Douglas Rayner, 1897-1958. Mathematician.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Library, Christ's College, Cambridge. Reference code: GB 0267 D.R. Hartree papers
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Douglas Rayner Hartree, 1897-1958
Dates
of creation of material: 1932-1950
Extent:
4 boxes
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Hartree was born in Cambridge
and educated at Bedales School, 1910-1915. He entered St
John's College, Cambridge in 1915 but his
course was interrupted by war and he joined the team led by A.V. Hill which was
studying anti-aircraft gunnery. He returned to Cambridge after the war, graduating in 1921,
Mathematical Tripos Part I, Natural Sciences Tripos (Physics) Part II. He was
awarded his Ph.D. in 1926. He was a Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, 1924-1927, and Christ's College, Cambridge, 1928-1929. He
then moved to Manchester
University where he was
successively Beyer Professor of Applied Mathematics, 1929-1937, and Professor
of Theoretical Physics, 1937-1946, though during the Second World War he was
mainly on secondment working on the scientific staff of the Ministry of Supply.
In 1946 he returned to Cambridge
University as Plummer
Professor of Mathematical Physics, a post he held until his death. His
principal research interests were atomic structure, propagation of radio waves
and numerical analysis and calculating machines.
He was elected FRS in 1932.
See for further information see the MacTutor
History of Mathematics archive
Custodial history
Received for cataloguing in 1976 from Mrs Elaine Hartree,
widow and Professor M.V. Wilkes. Placed in Christ's College 1976.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The papers are not extensive. They include drafts and notes
for unpublished textbooks on dynamics and wave mechanics, notes taken for
Hartree's last lectures in Cambridge,
notes taken by Hartree of a course of lectures by A.M. Turing on the design of
the ACE computer, and four letters to E.V. Appleton .
Arrangement
The material is not sectionalised. See Scope and content
above.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Contact the repository for details.
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Douglas Rayner
Hartree: CSAC catalogue no. 45/9/76, 4 pp + repository list of later additions.
Copies available from NCUACS, University
of Bath
ALLIED MATERIALS
In same repository
Further material presented by Lady Jeffreys in December 1977
and March 1988 and Mrs Margaret Booth (daughter). Items numbered 18-22
In other repositories
One box of archival material, principally off-prints of
Hartree's publications, is at the National Archive for the History of
Computing, University
of Manchester (NAHC HAR.)
Some of Hartree's early calculating machines are held in the Science Museum,
London.
Heatley, Norman George, 1911-2004. Biochemist.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Archives and Manuscripts, Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of
Medicine, London.
Reference code: GB 0121 GC/48
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Norman George Heatley, 1911-2004
Dates
of creation of material: 1939-1942
Extent:
1 box
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Heatley was educated at Tonbridge
School and St
John's College, Cambridge, where he
graduated in 1933. From 1933 to 1936 he worked under Joseph Needham at the Sir
William Dunn Institute of Biochemistry, Cambridge,
on microchemical methods applied to biological problems, and obtained his
doctorate in 1936. In September 1936 Heatley came at the invitation of H.W. Florey
to the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, initially to work with E.B. Chain and later from October 1939, directly
with Florey on the early research and development of penicillin. This close
collaboration continued to June 1941 when Heatley accompanied Florey to the USA, bearing
with him his research notebooks and sketches for apparatus. He remained there
until June 1942. After his return to Oxford he
resumed work at the Dunn
School, and was a Nuffield
Research Fellow of Lincoln College, 1948-1978.
He was awarded the OBE in 1978 for his contributions to scientific
research. He died in 2004.
Custodial history
Received for cataloguing in 1980-1983 from Heatley.
Placed in CMAC (Wellcome Library) 1983.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
This small but important collection is concerned with the
research and development of penicillin. It is notable for the contemporary
notebooks and sketches including the famous experiment of 25 May 1941 on the 'Curative
Effect of Penicillin' on mice. There are also diary entries, narratives and
explanatory notes, some prepared by Heatley expressly for the collection.
Arrangement
By section as follows: Laboratory notebooks, Narratives and
diary entries, Description and diagrams of appartus, Correspondence with H.W.
Florey.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
By appointment with the Archivist and after completing a Reader's Application
and Undertaking.
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Norman George
Heatley: CSAC catalogue no. 96/7/83, 12 pp. Copies available from NCUACS, University of Bath
ALLIED MATERIALS
In other repositories
Penicillin apparatus including some designed by Heatley, is held
by the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford.
Hewer, Humphrey Robert, 1903-1974. Zoologist.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Imperial College
Archives, London. Reference code: GB 0098 B/HEWER
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Humphrey Robert Hewer, 1903-1974
Dates
of creation of material: 1918-1974
Extent:
13 boxes
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Hewer was educated at Imperial
College, London and returned there as Lecturer,
1926-1937, Reader, 1937-1964 and Professor, 1964-1970, of Zoology. He was
active in government service during the Second World War and in the latter part
of his career at Imperial
College. He was Chief
Rodent Officer, Ministry of Food, 1941-1945 and Chairman, Advisory Committee,
Infestation Control Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food,
1965-1974, and Chairman, Farm Animals Welfare Committee, Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1967-1974. He was Secretary-General of the
International Congress of Zoology in 1959.
Custodial history
Received for cataloguing in 1974 from Mrs Olive Hewer,
widow. Placed in Imperial
College Archives 1974.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The papers include many notebooks, journals and notes
relating to Hewer's field trips, especially his work on seals, zygaena and
woodpeckers. There are papers and correspondence of various natural history
committees and societies on which he served, drafts and material for his
publications (especially British seals), photographs, drawings, notes,
and scripts for various wildlife films, and correspondence.
Arrangement
By section as follows: Biographical, Notebooks and journals,
Working papers, Committees and societies, Lectures, Publications, Films,
photographs and drawings. Index of correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Admission is by appointment only to bona fide scholars; prior proof of
status and proof of identity is required.
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Humphrey Robert
Hewer: CSAC catalogue no. 23/17/74, 17 pp. Copies available from NCUACS, University of Bath
ALLIED MATERIALS
In same repository
Records of Hewer's early work on Burnet moths were deposited
in Imperial College Archives when he was Professor of Zoology.
Heywood, Harold, 1905-1971. Engineer and physicist.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Imperial College
Archives, London. Reference code: GB 0098 B/HEYWOOD
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Harold Heywood, 1905-1971
Dates
of creation of material: 1925-1973
Extent:
7 boxes
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Heywood was born in Manchester
and educated at the Alleyn's School, Dulwich, 1910-1919. He served an engineering
apprenticeship with Robey & Son, Lincoln,
1920-1925, when the award of a Whitworth scholarship took him to the City and Guilds College,
Imperial College,
London for
undergraduate studies, 1925-1928. He was Lecturer, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Regent Street Polytechnic, 1931-1936, and then returned to Imperial College as Lecturer in the Department of
Mechanical Engineering. He was promoted to Reader in 1940. He was appointed
Principal of Woolwich Polytechnic, 1957-1967, and on retirement continued his
research at Loughborough University of Technology, where he was given the title
of Professor. His principal research interests were particle characterisation
and solar energy.
Custodial history
Received for cataloguing in 1976 from Dr Frances Heywood,
widow. Placed in Imperial
College Archives 1976.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The papers include notebooks covering Heywood's
undergraduate career at Imperial College, London,
and notebooks, notes and reports on his work on dusts and sedimentation,
sieving, particle size and pulverisation. This includes records of work
undertaken during the Second World and after
for the Ministry of Supply as a result of the problems caused by dust during
military operations in desert warfare. There are extensive notes and
observations on solar energy, begun at Imperial College
but mainly carried on at Woolwich and Loughborough. There are also travel
diaries, correspondence and other material relating to conferences and
consultancies on the subject (Heywood acted as adviser to the governments of Egypt and Malta).
Arrangement
By section as follows: Biographical, Notebooks, Working
papers on particles and pulveriation, Working papers and correspondence on
solar energy, Lectures and publications, Correspondence, Publications. Index of
correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Admission is by appointment only to bona fide scholars; prior proof of
status and proof of identity is required..
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogue of papers and correspondence of Harold Heywood: CSAC
catalogue no. 46/10/76, 16 pp. Copies available from NCUACS, University of Bath
ALLIED MATERIALS
In other repositories
Heywood's collection of early microscopes was purchased for
the Whipple Museum
of the History of Science, Cambridge.
Hill, Sir John McGregor, 1921-2008,
physicist
IDENTITY STATEMENT:
Repository:
Churchill Archives Centre, Churchill College Cambridge.
Reference code: GB 0014 Hill
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Sir John McGregor Hill, 1921-2008
Dates
of creation of material: 1946-1994
Extent:
6 linear feet. 11 boxes
CONTEXT
Biographical history
John McGregor Hill was born in Chester on 21 February 1921. He was
educated at Richmond County Grammar School
in Surrey, 1930-1939 and at King’s College, London, where he took a first class degree in
Physics. Between 1941 and 1946, Hill served in the RAF, rising to the
rank of Flight Lieutenant in the Radar Branch. On his discharge from the
RAF Hill researched the life span of short-lived radio nuclei for his PhD in
Nuclear Physics at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge. In 1948 he was appointed
Lecturer in Physics in the University
of London.
In 1950 Hill joined the Department of Atomic Energy of the Ministry of
Supply at the Windscale Works in Cumbria. He first worked with
engineers involved in commissioning Britain’s first production
nuclear reactors, the Windscale Piles, built for the production of plutonium
for military purposes. When the headquarters of the industrial section of
the organisation moved to Risley, Cheshire,
in 1954, Hill joined the production team, which at the time was trying to
determine future development and industrial policies for nuclear power.
As Manager of the Production Group, Hill oversaw the uranium diffusion plan at
Capenhurst, the fuel manufacturing plant at Springfields, the reprocessing
plant at Windscale and the power-generating reactors at Calder and Chapelcross.
Appointed to the Main Board of the UK Atomic Energy Authority (as the
Department of Atomic Energy had been renamed) in 1964, Hill received rapid
advancement within the organisation (Deputy Director, Technical Director,
Deputy Managing Director, Director, and Managing Director) succeeding Lord
Penney as Chairman of the UKAEA in 1967, a post he held until 1981. Hill
also served as a member of the Advisory Council on Technology, 1968-1970.
In April 1971, Hill became Chairman of British Nuclear Fuels Ltd, and in 1975
he succeeded Sir Charles Cunningham as Chairman of the Radiochemical Centre Ltd
(later Amersham International plc). He retired as Chairman of BNFL in
1983 and Amersham International plc in 1988.
Hill was elected FRS in 1981 and FEng in 1982. He was knighted in
1969. He died in 2008.
Custodial history
The papers were received in March 1999 from Sir John Hill.
Deposited in Churchill Archives Centre 1999.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
Biographical material is slight. It includes
biographical profiles and press cuttings, and papers relating to Hill’s
appointment and retirement from the UKAEA. Documentation of Hill’s
publications, lectures and speeches forms the main body of the
collection. The bulk of the material consists of articles, speeches and
lectures given during the period 1965-1983. This covers Hill’s
chairmanship of the UKAEA and the material may have been assembled in that
context. There are a few later speeches and lectures, 1987-1994 and a set
of Hill’s publications. The principal component of Hill’s correspondence
is a chronological sequence, covering the period 1980-1983, of carbon copies of
Hill’s correspondence to ministers in the Department of Energy and to
others in various organisations and institutions in Britain and abroad. During
this period Hill was President of the Institute of Energy, Chairman of BNFL and
Chairman of Amersham International plc.
Arrangement
By section as follows: By section as follows: Biographical,
Publications, speeches and lectures, Correspondence. Index of correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Readers intending to use the Archives Centre must write in advance to the
Keeper of the Archives giving details of their research subject and listing the
collections they will wish to consult. New readers should also provide a letter
of introduction and some form of identification (such as a passport or driving
licence).
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Sir John McGregor
Hill: NCUACS catalogue no. 82/3/99, 66 pp. Copies available from NCUACS, University of Bath
Hill, Robert (Robin), 1899-1991. Biochemist.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Cambridge University Library. Reference code: GB
0012 CUL Add. MS 9267
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Robert (Robin) Hill, 1899-1991.
Dates
of creation of material: 1915-1994.
Extent:
45 boxes
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Hill was born on 15 March 1899 in Leamington Spa,
Warwickshire. He was educated at Bedales
School and, after First
World War service in the Anti-gas Department of the Royal Engineers (University
College London), Emmanuel College Cambridge where he read for the Natural
Sciences Tripos specialising in Chemistry for Part II. At Bedales he had
developed an interest in natural dyes and dyeing techniques which continued
throughout his career. In 1922 he joined F.G. Hopkins's Department of
Biochemistry where he was directed to research on haemoglobin. After a series
of papers on the properties of haemoglobin, a mutual interest in haem compounds
led in 1926 to collaboration with David Keilin, then working at the Molteno
Institute, Cambridge
on the isolation of cytochrome c. Another interest of Hill's was
meteorology and in the early 1920s he developed a 'fish-eye' camera, a camera
with a lens able to photograph through 180, and thus able to photograph the
whole sky at once. After a visit to Singapore
and the Dutch East Indies in 1932 he continued
his haemoglobin research but was also able to turn to plant biochemistry. He
embarked on the study of photosynthesis, with research into oxygen evolution of
chloroplasts, which led in 1937 to the discovery of the 'Hill reaction'. From
1922 Hill's work had been supported by various research grants but in 1943 he
was taken onto the scientific staff of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC)
though he remained working in the Cambridge Biochemistry Department. Also in
1943, in cooperation with the East Malling Research Station, Maidstone, Kent he
initiated research on fruit tree rootstocks. Hill continued to receive most
recognition for his work on photosynthesis and from the late 1950s he
concentrated on the energetics of photosynthesis, making in 1960 his second
great contribution to photosynthesis research with the discovery (with F.L.
Bendall), of the 'Z scheme' of electron transport. He retired from the ARC in
1966 though his research continued little diminished until his death in 1991.
In his later years Hill worked particularly extensively on the wider issue of
the application of the Second Law of Thermodynamics to photosynthesis.
Hill was elected FRS in 1946 (Royal Medal 1963, Copley Medal 1987). He died
in 1991.
See D.S. Bendall, 'Robert Hill', Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the
Royal Society, 40, 141-170 (1994).
Custodial history
Received for cataloguing in 1991 from Mrs Priscilla Hill,
widow and in 1992-1993 per Dr D.S. Bendall, Hill's Royal Society memorialist.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The papers consist primarily of research material and
scientific correspondence. All aspects of Hill's research are documented from Bedales School to shortly before he died, a
period of over seventy years. Represented are his earliest scientific interests
in meteorology and dyeing, school and undergraduate notes, his first
postgraduate research on inorganic pigments, and his subsequent investigations
in the biochemistry of haemoglobin and haematin, including his collaboration
from 1926 with Keilin on the isolation of cytochrome c. There is good
documentation of his work on photosynthesis including research leading to
discovery of the 'Hill reaction' in 1937, and his and F.L. Bendall's outlining
of the 'Z scheme' in 1960. Hill's interest in the relationship of
thermodynamics to photosynthesis is particularly well represented - including a
sequence of fifty notebooks used over a period of thirty years from 1960 and
drafts of the major papers he submitted for publication to the Royal Society in
1961 and Nature in 1980 but which remained unpublished. Hill continued
to work in other areas most of which are documented including the chemistry of
anthraquinone colouring matter in plants in the 1930s, work on dye-stuffs, and
the collaboration with A.B. Beakbane and others at the East Malling Research
Station on the biology of fruit tree rootstocks. There is also extensive
documentation of Hill's development of the fish-eye camera in the 1920s and
1930s, including many notebooks, photographs and correspondence relating to the
marketing of the lens system with R. & J. Beck Ltd. Hill's scientific
correspondence is substantial but disappointing in that he rarely kept copies
of outgoing correspondence. The most extensive sequences are those from E.J.H.
Corner relating to Hill's 1932 Singapore
visit, with A.B. Beakbane and others at East Malling relating to the rootstock
research from 1943, and with his fellow researcher in plant photosynthesis,
D.A. Walker from the 1950s. In addition to the research material and scientific
correspondence there are important records of Hill's plant biochemistry
lectures at Cambridge, and documentation of the
visit to Singapore and later
visits to France in 1947 as
part of a Cambridge University/East Malling Research Station arboricultural
expedition and Nyasaland (Malawi)
in 1958 to advise on the biochemistry of tea fermentation.
Arrangement
By section as follows: Biographical, Research, Fish-eye
camera, Cambridge
University, Publications,
Lectures, Societies and organisations, Visits and conferences, Correspondence.
Index of correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
By appointment only
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Robert (Robin)
Hill: NCUACS catalogue no. 46/2/94, 151pp. Copies available from NCUACS, University of Bath
ALLIED MATERIALS
In other repositories
The Whipple Museum of the History of Science, Cambridge holds examples of the 'fish-eye'
camera and stereoscopic photographs taken by Hill.
Hindle, Edward, 1886-1973. Zoologist.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Glasgow University Archives and Business Records
Centre. Reference code: GB 0248 DC075
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Edward Hindle, 1886-1973.
Dates
of creation of material: 1900-1974.
Extent:
1.8 metres
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Hindle was born in Sheffield
and educated mainly at home, by his mother, who was a certificated teacher. In
1903 he was awarded a national scholarship in biology at the Royal College of
Science, (Imperial College), London.
He spent the next four years in London, taking
his Associateship in Zoology in 1906 and at the same time working with
Professor A. Dendy at King's College, London.
In 1906 his family left England
for California
and after a year as a research assistant at the Liverpool School of Tropical
Medicine he rejoined them there. He spent six months at the Marine Biological
Station, La Jolla and then entered the University
of California, Berkeley where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1910.
Returning to England he
entered Magdalene College, Cambridge
as an undergraduate and took his degree in the Natural Sciences Tripos (B.A.
1912; M.A. 1917). He worked under G.H.F. Nuttall at the Quick Laboratory, Cambridge, and served throughout the First World War with
the Royal Engineers Signal Service, seeing overseas service in France and Palestine.
In 1919 he was appointed Professor of Biology and Parasitology, Government
School of Medicine, Cairo
where H. Munro Fox (q.v.) was his assistant. Returning to Britain in 1924 he worked at research institutes
in London:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1924-1925, Wellcome Bureau of
Tropical Medicine, 1928-1933, and National Institute of Medical Research in
1934. Between 1925 and 1928 he was member and then leader of the Royal
Society's Kala-Azar Commission in China,
the purpose of which was to investigate the problem of visceral Leishmaniasis
(kala-azar) in northern China.
He was Regius Professor of Zoology at Glasgow University, 1935-1944, and became
Scientific Director, Zoological Society, London,
1944-1951.
Apart from the work entailed by his professional appointments, Hindle took
on a large number of outside commitments. He was, for example, Founder and
First President, Zoological Society of Glasgow, 1936-1944, Founder and First
Director, International Wildfowl Research Bureau, 1947-1961, and Founder and
First President, Institute
of Biology, 1951-1953. He
was also General Secretary of the British Association for the Advancement of
Science, 1946-1951. He was active in editorial work from early in his career
and was associated with Parasitology in various capacities, 1912-1968.
He was disappointed after the Second World War by the failure of 'One World', a
publication intended as an international review of the arts, sciences and
letters, which he helped to launch but was abandoned for lack of financial
support. Hindle had a very eclectic research career which was governed by the
diverse posts he occupied. G.H.F. Nuttall in Cambridge established him in tropical
medicine, and he carried out original work in protozoology and parasitology,
especially insect-transmitted infections. He is also well known for the
introduction of the golden hamster into the home and the laboratory. Hindle was
elected FRS in 1942
Custodial history
Received for cataloguing in 1977 from Miss Phyllis
Barclay-Smith. Placed in Glasgow
University Archives 1977.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The papers document most aspects of Hindle's scientific
career. There are notebooks, drawings, reports and correspondence covering the
chronological span of his career and his principal research interests,
especially his studies of kala-azar and yellow fever. A proposed expedition to Uganda and Nyasaland in 1914, the travels in China with the
Royal Society Commission and the interest in hamsters are also documented.
There are notes for lectures, talks, broadcasts and publications and material
relating to 'One World' including correspondence with colleagues and the editor
and a copy of vol. 1, no. 1, printed for private circulation for fund-raising
purposes and the only issue to appear in April 1947. The biographical material
is representative of most of Hindle's career, though there are only partial
records of his many outside activities and honorary posts in societies and
associations.
Arrangement
By section as follows: Biographical and personal, Scientific
research and activities, Lectures, broadcasts and publications, Scientific correspondence.
Index of correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Open access
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Edward Hindle: CSAC
catalogue no. 61/5/78, 37 pp. Copies available from NCUACS, University of Bath
Hinshelwood, Sir Cyril Norman, 1897-1967. Knight.
Physical chemist.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Library, Royal Society, London.
Reference code: GB 0117 Hinshelwood papers
Title:
Papers of Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, 1897-1967.
Dates
of creation of material: 1919-1973.
Extent:
12.66 shelf feet
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Hinshelwood was born in London
and educated at Westminster
City School.
He won a Brackenbury Scholarship to Balliol
College, Oxford but was unable to take it up
immediately because of the First World War and from 1916 to 1918 he worked at
the Department of Explosives, Queensferry Road Ordnance Factory. In 1919 he
went to Balliol to do the foreshortened postwar honours course in chemistry and
he made his career in Oxford
until his retirement in 1964. He was Fellow of Balliol, 1920-1921, Fellow and
Tutor of Trinity College, 1921-1937, and Dr Lee's Professor of Chemistry and
Fellow of Exeter College, 1937-1964, in succession to F. Soddy. He was Senior
Research Fellow at Imperial College, London
from 1964 until his death. Hinshelwood's scientific research was in chemical
kinetics, and bacterial growth. He was President of the Chemical Society,
1946-1948, at the time of its centenary celebrations and President of the Royal
Society, 1955-1960, his tenure including the Tercentenary Year. In addition to
his wide participation in scientific life, he was a linguist with extensive
interests in the arts, and in 1959 had the unique distinction of being at the
same time President of the Royal Society and the Classical Association.
Hinshelwood was elected FRS in 1929 (Bakerian Lecture 1946, Davy Medal 1942,
Royal Medal 1947, Leverhulme Medal 1960, Copley Medal 1962) and in 1956 he
shared with N.N. Semenov the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their researches
into the mechanisms of chemical reactions. He was knighted in 1948 and
appointed to the Order of Merit in 1960.
Custodial history
Received for cataloguing in 1973 from the Physical Chemistry
Laboratory, Oxford.
Placed in the Royal Society 1974.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The papers are not extensive and consist almost entirely of
laboratory notebooks and working papers relating to his early work on molecular
reactions and gas reactions, 1919-1938. There are also notes and reports of
work on respirator design undertaken by Hinshelwood and his team for the
Chemical Defence Board, Ministry of Supply, during the Second World War.
Arrangement
Biographical, Laboratory notebooks and working papers, War
work.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Papers retain the period of confidentiality agreed at time of the deposit. All
new deposits closed for 30 years except by permission of Officers of the Royal Society
or the person controlling access.
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogue of the papers of Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood: CSAC
catalogue no. 17/11/74, 7 pp. Copies available from NCUACS, University of Bath
ALLIED MATERIALS
In same repository:
Some of Hinshelwood's papers were accepted and listed by the
Library of the Royal Society after his death in 1967. They consist of
certificates and records of honours and awards, reprints of scientific and
non-scientific writings, photographs and press-cuttings, and a box of
uncatalogued manuscript material.
Hinton, Christopher, Baron Hinton of Bankside,
1901-1983. Engineer.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London.
Reference code: GB 0381 HIN
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Christopher Hinton, Baron Hinton of Bankside,
1901-1983.
Dates
of creation of material: 1913-1983.
Extent:
93 boxes
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Hinton was born at Tisbury, Wiltshire. The son of a
schoolmaster, he became at 16 an engineering apprentice with the Great Western
Railway at Swindon. At 22 he was awarded the
William Henry Allen scholarship of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
which sent him to Trinity College, Cambridge.
He took a first class degree in the Mechanical Sciences Tripos in two years,
spending the final year on research under C.E. Inglis. Hinton's first post on
leaving Cambridge
was on the staff of Brunner Mond & Company (later part of ICI) where he
became Chief Engineer at 29. In 1940 he was seconded to the Ministry of Supply
becoming, in 1942, Deputy Director General in charge of the Royal Filling
Factories. At the end of the war he was asked to take charge of the production
organisation of the newly-formed Department of Atomic Energy and when the
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) was set up in 1954 he became a
member of the Board and Managing Director of the Industrial Group. In the ten
years, 1946-1956, his organisation was responsible for designing and building
the factory at Springfields for extracting uranium from ore, purifying it into
fuel elements for the nuclear reactors, for building Windscale with its
production piles and complex chemical plants, the diffusion plant at
Capenhurst, the first industrial nuclear plant at Calder Hall and the fast
breeder reactor with its ancillary fuel element and chemical plants at
Dounreay. In 1957 Hinton became the first Chairman of the newly-created Central
Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) - a position he held until his retirement
from full-time salaried employment in 1964. One of Hinton's interests during
his Chairmanship was the development of the Board's research organisation; this
interest continued until his death in his capacity as Deputy Chairman of the
Electricity Supply Research Council.
Hinton continued to make many important contributions to public service in
his retirement. In 1965 he worked for six months in the Ministry of Transport
and afterwards became a Special Adviser to the World Bank. He served as
Chairman of the International Executive Committee of the World Energy
Conference, 1962-1968, retaining an interest in its affairs for the rest of his
life. He was the first Chancellor of the University of Bath, 1966-1980. He was
much involved with the activities and organisation of the engineering
profession. He was President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,
1966-1967, Chairman of the MacRobert Award Evaluation Panel from the award's
inception in 1969 to 1977, President of the Council of Engineering Institutions
from 1976 to 1983 and from 1976 to 1981 first President of the Fellowship of
Engineering (later Royal Academy of Engineering) which he did so much to found.
Hinton was elected FRS in 1954 (Tercentenary Lecture 1960, Rumford Medal 1970).
He was knighted in 1951 (KBE 1957), made a life peer in 1965 and appointed to
the Order of Merit in 1976.
Custodial history
Received for cataloguing in 1984-1985 via the Institution of
Mechanical Engineers. Returned to the IME 1986.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The papers are extensive. Although they cannot be said to
present a full account of Hinton's life and work, being largely concerned with
his later activities, they contain important documentation of his earlier
career in the form of personal diaries, unpublished autobiographical writings,
and frequent allusions and reminiscences in correspondence with former
colleagues, historians of science and others. The biographical material is
dominated by Hinton's unpublished autobiography and the 'non-secret diaries' on
which it was based. His interests in atomic energy and electricity supply are
represented by lectures selected and arranged by Hinton and general
correspondence and papers, 1966-1983. His association with engineering institutions
is extensively documented especially the Council of Engineering Institutions,
1967-1983, and the Fellowship of Engineering, 1975-1983. There are
correspondence and papers relating to Hinton's House of Lord's committee work,
1968-1983, and to his Chancellorship of the University of Bath, 1966-1980.
There are also records of his consultancies for the Ministry of Transport in
1965 and the World Bank, 1965-1983, and of his association with the World
Energy Conference, 1962-1983. The remaining general correspondence is
relatively slight since most of Hinton's correspondence on his activities was
kept with the related material. There are, however, daily carbons, 1978-1983,
which record his total activity over a given period of time and at the very end
of his career. There is a photographic record of Hinton's official career from
the 1950s, a film entitled 'Christopher Hinton', 1956 and gramophone records of
talks by Hinton for the BBC on 'The ABC of atomic energy' ca 1959.
Additional material subsequently deposited: Letters of Hinton to Gavin
Edward Wyatt, 1970-1983. 5 items.
Arrangement
By section as follows: Biographical and autobiographical,
Energy, Engineering, House of Lords, University of Bath, Lectures and publications,
Consultancies, Societies and organisations, Correspondence, Non-print material.
Index of correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Generally open access by appointment. Some files within the collection are
classed as personal and confidential - requests for access for stated purposes
are treated sympathetically.
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Christopher Hinton,
Baron Hinton of Bankside: CSAC catalogue no. 116/7/86, 214 pp. Copies
available from NCUACS, University
of Bath
ALLIED MATERIALS
In same repository
Institution of Mechanical Engineers Council Minutes (COU)
and Council Papers (COP) give background to Hinton's period in office, both on
Council and as President of the Institution.
In other repositories:
Additional material was deposited by Hinton during his
lifetime at Churchill College Archives Centre, Cambridge: 5 boxes re lectures in the
1950s and 1960s; papers and autobiography. Reference: GB0014 HINT.
Hinton, Howard Everest, 1912-1977. Entomologist.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Bristol University Library. Reference code: GB 0003 DM1718
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Howard Everest Hinton, 1912-1977
Dates
of creation of material: 1864-1979.
Extent:
5 boxes
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Hinton was born on 24 August 1912 in Matehuala, Mexico
where his parents had moved in connexion with his father's work as metallurgist
and mining engineer. He was educated at schools in California
and at the University of California at Berkeley (B.Sc. 1934) before doing
postgraduate work at King's College, Cambridge
(Ph.D 1939). He was appointed Junior Curator at the University Museum of
Zoology in Cambridge in 1937 and in 1939 Assistant Keeper
British Museum
(Natural History), a post he held until 1949 when he was appointed Lecturer in
Zoology at the University
of Bristol. He remained
at the University
of Bristol for the
remainder of his career, being made Reader in Entomology in 1951, Professor of
Entomology in 1964 and Professor of Zoology and Head of Department in 1970. He
resigned as Head of Department in July 1977 for reasons of ill-health and
resumed his personal Chair. He died on 2 August 1977.
Hinton began collecting insects from the age of nine, his interest in
natural history acquired from his father, an amateur naturalist of some note.
By the time he received his B.Sc. he had already seventeen published papers.
His pre-war research was concentrated on the classification of beetles but
Hinton's entomological interests were subsequently broadened, initially by his
wartime work on insect pests of stored products, and then by his appointment as
Lecturer at Bristol University, for which he was required to teach a wide range
of entomological subjects new to him. Hinton developed his research interests
to cover many fields such as insect metamorphosis, insect pupae, respiratory
adaptations, cryptobiosis in insects (in which connexion he posited a new
theory of the origin of life on Earth) and insect coloration. He authored over
300 publications, his work culminating in the three volume Biology of Insect
Eggs which he completed just before his death. Hinton also founded and
edited the Journal of Insect Physiology and the journal Insect Biochemistry.
He served as President of the Society for British Entomology 1954-1955 and the
Royal Entomological Society of London 1969-1970.
Hinton was elected FRS in 1961. He died on 2 August 1977.
Hinton was very conscious of his distinguished family background. His
paternal great-great grandfather was John Howard Hinton, author of Elements
of natural history and an introduction to systematic zoology, and his
paternal great grandfathers were the mathematician George Boole FRS and James
Hinton, an aural surgeon. His grandfather Charles Howard Hinton was Professor
of Mathematics at Princeton
University. Great-great
uncles included Sir George Everest FRS, the Surveyor General of India, and A.C.
Haddon FRS. Hinton's first cousin once removed was Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor
FRS.
See G. Salt, 'Howard Everest Hinton', Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of
the Royal Society, 24 (1978), 151-182.
Custodial history:
Received for cataloguing in June 1995 from Dr James Hinton,
son. Placed in Bristol
University Library 1996.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The collection, though small, includes significant records
of Hinton's family background and early entomological research. The
biographical material includes autobiographical drafts, notes made by Hinton
for his Royal Society personal record, tributes and obituaries and many letters
of condolence received by his widow Margaret Hinton, some with recollections of
Hinton. The largest component, however, is family material. There is
correspondence with his father and two brothers G.B. and J.C. Hinton, and also
with more distant relations. Of particular note is that with his first cousin
once removed, Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor FRS, covering the period 1947-1974.
There is also historical material relating to his great-great grandfather
George Boole FRS. The family papers are supplemented by photographs. Research
material is particularly notable for the notebooks which cover Hinton's work
collecting and classifying beetle specimens over the period 1928-1937. They are
generally in the form of journals and often record not only Hinton's collecting
activities but his plans for the future, social engagements, etc. The period
covered by the notebooks includes Hinton's visit to South America in 1937 with
the Percy Sladen Expedition to Lake Titicaca.
Hinton's subsequent journeys that year to the Amazon basin and French Guiana are also documented. Other material
relating to the visit includes lists of specimens and photographs. Material
relating to research also includes correspondence with V.B. Wigglesworth
1947-1974, chiefly on aspects of insect physiology, and material from a visit
to China
in 1960.
Arrangement
By section as follows: Biographical, Research. Index of correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
No known restrictions or closure. Visits by appointment. Some form
of identification required.
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Howard Everest
Hinton: NCUACS catalogue no.59/2/96, 32pp. Copies available from NCUACS, University of Bath
ALLIED MATERIALS
In same repository
DM755 - Obituary in Univeristy Newsletter by C.J.M., 18
August 1977.
DM1012 - Drafts, reprints (by others) and notes, 1928-1979. 25 boxfiles.
Two sets of reprints were donated to the Special Collections by the
Biological Sciences Library, and by the University Biology Department.
Although both series overlap they contain enough non-duplicate material to be
both worth keeping. Both contain a detailed bibliography.
DM1845/1/1-7 Bound reprints from the Biological Sciences Library 1930-1977. 7
volumes.
DM1845/2/1-16 Bound and loose reprints from the University Biology Department
1930-1977. 15 volumes and folder of reprints (1.2 linear metres).
Hodgkin, Sir Alan Lloyd
1914-1998. Knight, physiologist
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Trinity College
Cambridge. Reference code: GB 0016 A.L. HODGKIN
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Alan Lloyd Hodgkin OM FRS, 1914-1998.
Dates
of creation of material: 1902-2000.
Extent:
ca 3,000 items
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin was born in Banbury, Oxfordshire, on 5
February 1914. His father, George Hodgkin,
a Quaker, trained as a civil engineer before finding employment in a bank in
Banbury. He died in Baghdad while engaged in relief work when
Hodgkin was still an infant.
Hodgkin’s family background
was notable for distinguished and varied intellectual achievement. His grandfather Thomas Hodgkin was a
mediaeval historian; his great uncle (also called Thomas) was the physician and
anatomist who gave his name to Hodgkin’s Disease; and his great-great grandfather
was the pioneer meteorologist Luke Howard.
A cousin (through marriage) was the crystallographer and 1964 Nobel
laureate for Chemistry, Dorothy Hodgkin.
During his boyhood Hodgkin developed a strong interest in
ornithology, undertaking detailed studies of bird behaviour during stays with various
relatives around the country. After
attending the Downs School, Colwall, Herefordshire and Gresham’s
School, Holt, Norfolk,
he won a scholarship to Trinity College Cambridge in 1932 to study for the
Natural Sciences Tripos. After opting
for physiology in Part II he obtained a First Class. He started research on the excitation of
nerve in his final undergraduate year and was elected to a Junior Research
Fellowship at Trinity
College in 1936 - the
earliest opportunity for election.
Hodgkin’s postgraduate work, following a suggestion from E.D.
Adrian, centred on experiments with crab nerve fibre and resulted in the first
direct observation of a ‘local response’ to an electrical
shock. This observation challenged the
widely-accepted ‘all-or-none’ theory of response developed by K.
Lucas.
After being awarded a travelling fellowship from the
Rockefeller Foundation in 1937, Hodgkin spent a year at the Rockefeller
Institute in New York and the Marine
Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts,
where he met K.S. Cole and H.J. Curtis.
While at Woods Hole, he gained first-hand experience of Cole and
Curtis’s measurements of membrane conductivity using the giant nerve
fibres of squid. This short period had a
profound influence on the course of Hodgkin’s scientific career. He began his own experiments on squid in the
summer of 1939 at the laboratory of the Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, working for the
first time with A.F. Huxley. However,
this work was soon interrupted by the outbreak of World War Two.
On the outbreak of war Hodgkin volunteered to work on
aviation medicine at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough before being
transferred to the Telecommunications Research Establishment in February
1940. At the TRE he assisted in the
successful development of centimetric airborne radar for aircraft interception
before working on ways of using radar to defend British night bombers. He was also posted to the British Air
Commission and spent three months in the USA in early 1944 exchanging
information on radar work.
In 1946 Hodgkin and Huxley resumed their research on the
nerve impulse using squid, initially attempting to understand the questions
regarding the movement of sodium and potassium ions across resting and excited
membranes. The experimental work was
carried out during the summer seasons at the MBA, Plymouth.
The 1948 season saw the introduction of Hodgkin’s ‘voltage
clamp’ equipment and the results obtained with it the following year
eventually resulted in the publication of five papers in 1952. The work represented an enormous advance in
the understanding of the ionic processes involved in the nervous impulse and
was recognised by the award of the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in
1963 jointly to Hodgkin, Huxley and J.C. Eccles (who worked independently of
the former two). Anthony Tucker (Guardian, 21 December 1998) explained
that Hodgkin and Huxley’s work ‘although seemingly isolated and
remote, is fundamental to understanding not only the way our nervous system
works, but in the study of the underlying biochemistry of diseases underlying
neural malfunction’.
Hodgkin became Foulerton Research Professor of the Royal
Society in 1952. He now moved on to
study a range of problems of nerve membrane permeability, still using squid as
the basis for his investigations. His
work on muscle with P. Horowicz in the late 1950s, and later with R.H. Adrian
and W.K. Chandler, added to the understanding of the mechanism by which
electrical excitation of muscle is linked to its mechanical contraction. His interest in the physiology of vision
began at Woods Hole in 1962 during a visit to the USA. Working with M.G.F. Fuortes, he studied the
eye of the Limulus crab and recorded
the electrical changes in an activated visual cell. From 1970, following his election to the John
Humphrey Plummer Professorship of Biophysics, Hodgkin pursued research that
could be carried out entirely in Cambridge.
This focused on the physiology of vision, in particular in collaboration with
D. Baylor of Stanford University. He
retired from the chair in 1981.
In addition to the Nobel Prize, Hodgkin was accorded many
honours for his work. He was elected to
the Fellowship of the Royal Society in 1948, giving its Croonian Lecture in
1957 and Tercentenary Lecture in 1960 and receiving the Royal Medal (1958) and
Copley Medal (1965). He was knighted
in 1972 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1973. Although first and foremost a dedicated
research scientist, Hodgkin nevertheless served as President of the Marine
Biological Association, 1966-1976, Chancellor of the University of Leicester,
1971-1984, President of the Royal Society, 1970-1975, and Master of Trinity
College Cambridge, 1978-1984. During his
Presidency he steered the Royal Society through a period of financial
difficulties and changing relationships between the Government and scientific
Research Councils.
Hodgkin died in December 1998 after long illness.
For further information about Hodgkin see his autobiography, Chance and Design: Reminiscences of Science
in Peace and War, Cambridge University Press, 1992, and the memoir by
Andrew Huxley, ‘Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin’, Biographical Memoirs of the Fellows of the Royal Society, vol 46
(2000), 219-246.
Custodial history
The
papers were received from Trinity College Cambridge in June 2002. They were
returned to Trinity
College in April 2005
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
There is varied and significant biographical material,
1902-2000, with substantial coverage of Hodgkin’s childhood and school
years. There are childhood drawings,
some showing his very early interest in ornithology, school reports, academic
notes and essays, and ornithological notebooks, essays and photographs
(1924-1932). Among the material from his
undergraduate days are accounts of experiments done at The Freshwater
Biological Association, Lake Windermere, May
1932, his first experience of research.
The family correspondence chiefly consists of letters from Hodgkin (and
later his family) to his mother, covering most years from 1923 to 1977, and
there is also some of Hodgkin’s correspondence with friends and
colleagues. In addition, there are
papers relating to various occasions and functions, biographical material on
E.D. Adrian and W.A.H. Rushton, and photographs of Hodgkin (some featuring
scientific colleagues and friends) dating from the 1920s to 1984.
University
of Cambridge material
chiefly comprises papers relating to the running of the Physiological
Laboratory, with particular reference to Hodgkin’s research group. The most significant documentation is of
laboratory staff, principally scientific colleagues and research workers,
covering professional matters and, in several cases, research and
publications. There are also
correspondence and papers concerning laboratory funding, the purchase of
equipment and animals for use in research, and other matters. Hodgkin’s teaching in the Department of
Physiology is represented by lecture notes, course papers etc, while there is
some material relating to Trinity
College business, chiefly
during his period as Master. A further
group of papers reflects Hodgkin’s involvement in the Council of the School of Biological Sciences and other committees
for Biophysical Chemistry and Colloid Science.
The research record is the most substantial component of the
archive and provides comprehensive documentation of Hodgkin’s three main
areas of physiological investigation: nerve, muscle and vision. A series of over a hundred notebooks in
Hodgkin’s hand (the hands of others, such as A.F. Huxley and B. Katz also
appear) are divided into ‘Experimental’ and ‘Theoretical and
general’, and cover the period 1934-1987.
The ‘Experimental’ series begins with Hodgkin’s first
research on nerve - conduction blocking experiments in frog’s nerve -
carried out in his final undergraduate year.
Two notebooks were used during his important year at the Rockefeller
Institute and the Woods Hole laboratory (1937-1938). A number document Hodgkin and Huxley’s
experiments on squid (1939, 1946-1949), including some using the ‘voltage
clamp’. From the 1950s there is
coverage of further work on nerve, experiments on muscle with P. Horowicz (late
1950s), and research on vision beginning with the Limulus experiments in 1962 (see ‘Outline of career’
above). The ‘Theoretical and
general’ notebooks provide background theory to the three aforementioned
topics and also include notes on general physiology. The bulk of the research documentation
comprises files which provide an enormous amount of experimental data and
theory from all periods of Hodgkin’s career and include the particular
topics mentioned above. There is a
significant amount of early research material (to 1939), particularly covering
the conduction blocking and ‘local response’ experiments (the
latter at Woods Hole). The post-1939
files include a few papers relating to Hodgkin’s wartime work at the
TRE. The very long sequence of post-1960
files is largely on vision. There is
very little correspondence although collaborators such as A.F. Huxley and
M.G.F. Fuortes are represented, as is J.C. Eccles.
An important group of drafts and publications material dates from ca 1938
to 1988, though the earliest published paper is from 1945. This material is closely related to the research
record outlined above. A chronological
sequence of drafts of published papers and unpublished drafts also includes
much experimental data and calculations.
There is unpublished material relating to Hodgkin and Huxley’s
first experiments on squid nerve fibre (1939) and drafts of their first paper
(published in 1945) resulting from their 1939 work at Plymouth. Also documenting pre-war research are drafts
of Hodgkin’s 1946 paper with W.A.H. Rushton on crab and lobster nerve
fibres. The steady stream of papers on
Hodgkin and Huxley’s critical work on the nerve impulse which appeared
between 1947 and 1952 are partly represented: there are drafts of some of the
papers accompanied by large quantities of experimental data, calculations and
notes (in both Hodgkin and Huxley’s hands), with some
correspondence. Included are later notes
(1957) which recollect some of their theoretical analysis and discuss the
chronology of the ‘sodium hypothesis’ which they demonstrated by
experiment in 1947. Hodgkin’s work
after 1952 on nerve, muscle and vision is well represented, in particular the
publications on muscle with R.H. Adrian and W.K. Chandler, 1966-1972. There are notes, data and scientific
correspondence found with the drafts.
There is also editorial correspondence and a set of off-prints.
There is a chronological sequence of drafts of
Hodgkin’s lectures and speeches delivered at various scientific
congresses and symposia, social functions and other occasions, 1950-1987. Included are the 18th International
Physiological Congress, Copenhagen 1950; symposium on the neuron, Cold Spring
Harbour, USA, 1952; Royal Society Croonian Lecture, 1957; Royal Society
Tercentenary Lecture, 1960; Sherrington Lectures, University of Liverpool,
1961; Nobel Lecture, Stockholm, 1963; and Royal Society Anniversary Addresses,
1970, 1973-1975. Included also are
speeches made by Hodgkin as Chancellor of the University of Leicester;
for various functions during his Mastership of Trinity College Cambridge; at
occasions in connexion with his Presidency of the Royal Society; and memorial
addresses.
Visits and conferences material covers the period,
1961-1998, and presents material chiefly relating to foreign visits to attend
scientific congresses or as a representative of the Royal Society (some are
during his Presidency). Included are the
following visits: 22nd and 26th International Congresses of
Physiological Sciences, Leiden, Netherlands, 1962, and New Delhi, India, 1974;
to the Soviet Union and China in connexion with scientific exchanges, 1967 and
1972; to Kenya chiefly to view the work of the International Centre for Insect
Physiology and Ecology, 1975; to Iran concerning the Imperial Academy of
Sciences of Iran, 1976; and to the USA on several occasions, such as the
Rockefeller University, New York, to give the first Hester Adrian Memorial
Lecture, 1968, and to the Harvard Medical School, Boston, as Dunham Lecturer,
1976.
A number of scientific societies and organisations are
represented in the archive. The most
substantial group of correspondence and papers documents Hodgkin’s long
involvement with the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. There is correspondence with successive
Directors of the MBA’s Plymouth
laboratory, 1959-1984, as well as some scientific correspondence. The Royal Society material is also
significant, covering a variety of business during the period of
Hodgkin’s Presidency (1970-1975) and including correspondence relating to
the drafting of his Anniversary Address as incoming President and
correspondence concerning his 1975 Kenya visit. Also represented are the Medical Research
Council, the Nuffield Foundation and the Physiological Society.
Hodgkin’s correspondence spans the years, 1945-1990
and chiefly comprises four sequences of scientific and general correspondence
with colleagues, 1945-1969. Among the
correspondents are E.D. Adrian, K.S. Cole, J.C. Eccles, P. Fatt, P. Horowicz,
B. Katz, R.D. Keynes, W.L. Nastuk, M.F. Perutz, P. Rous and R. Stampfli.
Non-textual material chiefly consists of
a major series of photographic films from research, 1937-1963. There is also illustrative material for
lectures, for example photographic slides, and publications.
Arrangement
By section as follows: Biographical, University of Cambridge,
Research, Drafts and publications, Lectures and speeches, Visits and
conferences, Societies and
organisations, Correspondence, Non-textual material. Index of correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
By appointment only.
Language:
English.
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Sir Alan Lloyd
Hodgkin: NCUACS catalogue no. 136/1/05,
357pp . Copies available from NCUACS, University of Bath
Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot, 1910-1994. Biochemist.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository: Bodleian Library Oxford. Reference code:
GB 0161 D.M.C. Hodgkin papers
Title: Papers and correspondence of
Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin, 1910-1994
Dates of creation of material: 1919-2003
Extent: 232 boxes. ca 2600 items
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Dorothy
Mary Crowfoot was born in Cairo
on 12 May 1910. She was educated at the Sir John Leman School, Beccles, Norfolk and Somerville
College, Oxford where she read chemistry 1928-1932.
Apart from two years research at Cambridge
University after graduation she
remained in Oxford
for the rest of her career. Here for twenty-five years she combined teaching
chemistry at Somerville,
where her students included the future Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, with
research at the highest level. She became University lecturer and demonstrator
in 1946, University Reader in X-ray crystallography in 1956 and from 1960 to
official retirement in 1977 Wolfson Research Professor of the Royal Society. In
1937 she married Thomas Lionel Hodgkin with whom she had three children.
Dorothy Hodgkin
carried out her first research at Oxford
in 1931-1932 with H.M. Powell on the structure of thallium diakyl halides. She
then went to Cambridge
to work for two years with J.D. Bernal who had just been appointed to start
research on the study of crystals by X-ray diffraction and had begun to look at
biologically interesting molecules. The research at Cambridge included work on
sterols, vitamin B1 and the protein pepsin and on her return to Oxford she
decided to concentrate on one crystal structure in detail and (with C.H.
Carlisle) correctly analysed cholesterol iodide, the first complex organic
molecule to be determined completely by X-ray crystallography. Early in the
Second World War the successful tests with penicillin extracts on infected mice
by Howard Florey and his team in Oxford
led to urgent attempts to determine its chemical structure. Hodgkin and her
coworkers accomplished this in three years with X-ray techniques, showing
conclusively that the formula of penicillin included lactam and thiazolidine
rings. She later elucidated the structure of cephalosporin C, an antibiotic
closely related to penicillin. After 1948 Hodgkin began work on the X-ray
analysis of the anti pernicious anaemia factor vitamin B12. The red crystals of
vitamin B12 were supplied by E.L. Smith of Glaxo Laboratories and after a
lengthy step-by-step analysis lasting nearly ten years she and her team found
the structure. The processing of data was aided by three of the first
electronic computers located at Manchester
University, the National Physical
Laboratory, Teddington and the University
of California, Los
Angeles, and Hodgkin played a leading part in the campaign to
provide computer facilities at Oxford
University. After the
success of the vitamin B12 work Hodgkin and her team refocused their research
effort on the crystal structure of insulin - she had taken the first X-ray
photographs of insulin crystals in 1935 - and were able to announce the
three-dimensional structure of rhombohedral 2 Zn insulin in 1969. Research on
insulin refinements continued into the 1980s.
Apart from her
scientific research career at Oxford University, Hodgkin undertook a number of prominent
public and professional responsibilities including in the UK, Chancellor of
Bristol University, 1970-1988, and President of the British Association for the
Advancement of Science, 1977-1978, and internationally, President of the
International Union of Crystallography, 1972-1975. Hodgkin's involvement in
humanitarian and peace issues was given impetus by the Vietnam War. She became
Vice-President of the Medical Aid Committee for Vietnam
in 1965 and President in 1971, visiting North Vietnam in 1971 and 1974. Her
second major commitment in the area of peace and international understanding
was to the Pugwash movement (Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs),
which she served as President, 1976-1988.
Hodgkin was elected
FRS in 1947 (Royal Medal 1956, Copley Medal 1976; Tercentenary Lecture 1960,
Bakerian Lecture 1972), and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964
for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important
biochemical substances. In 1965 she became only the second woman to be
appointed to the Order of Merit. She died in 1994.
The
publication of the first catalogue in 1994 has been followed by Georgina
Ferry’s 1998 biography and by the memoir written by G.G. Dodson for the
Royal Society (Biographical memoirs of
Fellows of the Royal Society, 48,
2002).
Custodial history
Original
material received for cataloguing in 1991-1994 from Hodgkin and placed in
Bodleian Library (gift) in 1994; supplementary material is personal and family
papers remaining in family hands in 1994.
These were transferred to the Bodleian Library in Oxford
for the use of Georgina Ferry whose biography,
Dorothy Hodgkin. A Life was published by Granta Books in
1998. In addition, the NCUACS received
early notebooks from Hodgkin’s family and Georgina Ferry made available a
number of items of a biographical and scientific nature.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The
papers provide a very full record of Dorothy Hodgkin's career, research and
wider professional and public responsibilities. Biographical material includes
records of Hodgkin's career, honours and awards, 1928-1990, including
documentation of the award of the Nobel Prize, family and personal
correspondence and drafts of an unfinished autobiography. Research material forms
by far the largest component in the collection and comprises very extensive
documentation of the major topics of insulin, penicillin and vitamin B12
covering a period of sixty years from about 1928 to 1988. Most of the material
was found in Hodgkin's box folders whose contents included correspondence,
drafts for reports and publications, notebooks, notes and data. J.D. Bernal,
with whom Hodgkin worked in Cambridge
1932-1934, and very many of her later collaborators including C.W. Bunn
(penicillin) and E.L. Smith (vitamin B12) are represented in the papers by
correspondence, drafts, notes and data.
Although not
extensive there is useful documentation of Hodgkin's Oxford University career
including teaching in the 1940s and 1950s, her tenure of the Wolfson Research
Professorship of the Royal Society, 1960-1977, the funding and administration
of her research and the provision of equipment and supplies including the use
of computer facilities at other institutions in the UK and USA and their
development at Oxford. There are chronological sequences of material relating
to Hodgkin's scientific publications and public lectures and substantial
assemblages of material relating to her Royal Society memoirs of J.D. Bernal
and Kathleen Lonsdale. There is documentation of Hodgkin's involvement with 16
British and international societies and organisations including Bristol
University, the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the
Institute of Physics, especially its X-ray Analysis Group established 1943, the
International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) and the Royal Society. Her major
commitments to Bristol
University, where she was
Chancellor for nearly twenty years, and to the International Union, which she
served as President and whose congresses she attended 1948-1993, are
particularly well documented. There is a chronological sequence of material
relating to Hodgkin's scientific visits and conferences, 1936-1993, though the
great bulk of the material is from the period after the award of the Nobel Prize
in 1964. There is evidence for example of her interest in maintaining
scientific contacts with the USSR
and China during the Cold
War and of visa difficulties in respect of visiting the USA during the
same period.
There is also
documentation of the wide range of peace and humanitarian causes with which
Hodgkin was involved. Represented are her major commitments to the Medical Aid
Committee for Vietnam and the Pugwash movement and other organisations and
topics including the J.D. Bernal Peace Library, Palestine, Russian dissidents
and the Scientists Against Nuclear Arms (SANA) organisation. There is an
extensive scientific correspondence in which many of her distinguished mentors
and contemporaries are represented such as J.D. Bernal, W.L. Bragg, J.W. Cornforth,
P.P. Ewald, I. Fankuchen, H. Lipson, Kathleen Lonsdale, A.L. Patterson, Linus
Pauling, M.F. Perutz, Robert Robinson, R.L.M. Synge and Dorothy Wrinch, and
very many of the younger scientists from Britain and overseas who researched in
various capacities in her laboratory. The sequence is also noteworthy for the
significant number of women scientists who trained in Hodgkin's laboratory.
Non-textual material in the collection includes photographs, photographic
slides and sound recordings. There are photographs of Hodgkin and scientific
colleagues including J.D. Bernal, I. Fankuchen, H.M. Powell and colleagues from
Oxford laboratory, P.L. Kapitza and F.H.C. Crick, a photograph album recording
Pugwash occasions, 1969-88, photographic slides for Hodgkin's lectures
especially on insulin and vitamin B12 and sound recordings including the 1973
Nobel Guest Lecture and her Chancellor's Address to the Bristol University
Education Department in 1974.
The
supplementary papers cover the period 1919-2003. Family and personal correspondence
constitutes the main contribution of the present collection. However, there is additional material from
all aspects of Hodgkin’s life and work and considerable overlap with the
1994 catalogue.
Biographical
and personal material is the most substantial component, containing much new
material relating to Hodgkin, her family and friends. There are autobiographical and biographical
writings including the typescript of the projected (incomplete) biography of
Hodgkin by Francis Pagan. Among the
‘Juvenilia’ are notebooks and diaries, some home-made, recording
her earliest work at home 1919-1924, including history, poems, nature study
with her own illustrations, and chemistry.
There is additional documentation of her many honours and awards from
the Fellowship of the Chemical Society at the age of 21 in 1922 to a
celebratory volume for her 80th birthday in 1990.
The
extensive family correspondence documents the attainments and activities of
three generations: Hodgkin’s parents John and Molly Crowfoot; herself,
her sisters and her husband; and her children.
Hodgkin’s mother was a gifted and energetic woman who, while
resident with her husband in Cairo, the Sudan and the Middle East and
accompanying him on archaeological expeditions, Nablus, Jerash and Samaria,
made herself an authority on flowering plants, weaving and dyeing techniques,
pottery and glass-making, publishing extensively on these topics. The expeditions, the finds and camp life are
described in lively terms, and often result in requests to Hodgkin for help in
identifying mosaics, crystals, plants and herbs. Hodgkin’s daughter Prudence Elisabeth
(‘Liz’) followed family tradition in making a career in Africa from where she wrote regularly. By far the largest component, however, is
Hodgkin’s almost daily correspondence with her beloved husband Thomas,
whom she met and married in 1937. This
famous record of a great love as well as a personal and family account is
presented in the catalogue with an extended introduction. Interestingly, part of Hodgkin’s mind
remained in thrall to her research and she could move disconcertingly from an
emotional level to practical laboratory affairs. The tradition of regular letter-writing, in a
pre-electronic age, combined with open-heartedness and shared humanitarian and
political concerns, links family members and also some of Hodgkin’s
closest friends such as Margery Fry who was Principal of Somerville College
Oxford when Hodgkin was an undergraduate, Betty Murray who was a contemporary
of Hodgkin’s at Somerville and - in a somewhat different key - the
flamboyant Somerville Fellow Enid Starkie.
The
research material usefully complements that previously catalogued. It includes undergraduate notebooks, the work
for her Oxford Part II thesis, her Cambridge
doctoral thesis, her earliest work on insulin and correspondence and research
material relating to J.D. Bernal.
Furthermore, the principal interest of the publications and lectures
material is Bernal and Hodgkin’s writings about him, especially her
memoir for the Royal Society, ‘John Desmond Bernal’, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal
Society, 26, 1980, usefully
complementing the Bernal material presented in the 1994 catalogue. Societies and organisations material is not
extensive, the most substantially documented organisations being the
Children’s Medical Charity based at Westminster
Hospital (Hodgkin was a scientific
adviser from 1983) and the Institut de la Vie founded in Paris in 1960 by Maurice Marois. Likewise, visits and conferences material is
not extensive. It deals with visits in
Hodgkin’s later years, many to China
and Eastern Europe, several of which are
additional to those in the previous catalogue.
Documentation of Hodgkin’s peace and humanitarian interests is
supplemented by some additional material on Birzeit University Palestine, and
also on several international conferences on peace and disarmament, which she
attended in her later years.
There
is an alphabetical sequence of Hodgkin’s scientific correspondents,
including Hongying Liao, M.F. Perutz, D.P. Riley, C.H. Waddington and D.
Wrinch, 1931-1993. Of special interest
are the letters and data documenting the research on vitamin B12 by K.N.
Trueblood at UCLA in collaboration with Hodgkin’s team in Oxford.
Non-text
material includes some interesting photographs of a 1924 trip to Egypt and the Sudan, drawings of mosaics and
tesserae relating to archaeological finds by Hodgkin’s parents, and glass
plates of early research on insulin, 1935-1936.
Arrangement
By
section as follows: Biographical, Research, Oxford University, Publications,
lectures and broadcasts, Societies and organisations, Visits and conferences,
Peace and humanitarian interests, Correspondence, Non-text material. Index of
correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Entry permitted only on presentation of a valid reader's card or an Oxford
University Card displaying the Bodleian logo. All applicants for new or
replacement cards must apply in person, with a recommendation and payment if
required, and with proof of their identity.
Certain items not
available for periods of 30, 40 or 50 years from date of writing.
Language: English
Finding aids: Printed Catalogues of the
papers and correspondence of Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin: NCUACS catalogue
no. 47/3/94, 362pp and NCUACS catalogue no. 135/8/04, 119pp. Copies
available from NCUACS, University
of Bath
Link to First catalogue: vol 1 A-C (582k bytes),
vol 2 D-J (628k
bytes)
ALLIED MATERIALS
In other repositories
Papers of Hodgkin's parents John Winter and Grace Mary
Crowfoot and her husband Thomas Lionel Hodgkin are retained in family hands.
Papers and correspondence of Thomas Lionel Hodgkin relating to higher
education in Ghana are held
by the Rhodes House Library, Oxford
University.
Videotape interviews of Hodgkin are held in the Archives of the Biochemical
Society and the Library of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
Two models showing the crystal structure of vitamin B 12 and two models made
by Hodgkin to show the structure of pig insulin at a resolution of 2.8
Angstroms are held by the Science
Museum. London.
A sketch by Graham Sutherland, a formal portrait by Bryan Organ and a study
of Hodgkin's hands by Henry Moore are held by the Royal Society, London. A portrait by
Maggi Hambling was commissioned for the National Portrait Gallery, London.
Hogben, Lancelot Thomas, 1895-1975. Biologist.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Special Collections, University
of Birmingham Library.
Reference code: GB 0150 US
11
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Lancelot Thomas Hogben, 1895-1975
Dates
of creation of material: 1926-1985
Extent:
15 boxes
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Hogben was born in Southsea, Hampshire on 9 December 1895
and educated at a small private school at Southsea, a Middlesex
County Secondary
School at Tottenham and Trinity
College, Cambridge. He was successively Lecturer in
Zoology at Imperial College, London, 1919-1922, Lecturer in Experimental
Physiology, Edinburgh University, 1923-1925, Assistant Professor of Zoology,
McGill University, 1925-1927, Professor of Zoology, Capetown University,
1927-1930, Professor of Social Biology, London School of Economics, 1930-1937,
Regius Professor of Natural History, Aberdeen University, 1937-1941, Mason
Professor of Zoology, Birmingham University, 1941-1947 and Professor of Medical
Statistics, 1947-1961.
Hogben was one of the best-known scientists of his day, a
polymath who made serious contributions to a wide range of disciplines such as
vertebrate and invertebrate zoology, genetics, social biology, medical and
applied statistics, and comparative linguistics. He was an outstanding
scientific populariser whose 'self-educators' Mathematics for the Million and
Science for the Citizen were best-sellers. He was a socialist and
scientific humanist.
Hogben was elected FRS in 1936 (Croonian Lecture 1942). He died in 1975.
See G.P. Wells, 'Lancelot Thomas Hogben', Biographical Memoirs of Fellows
of the Royal Society, 24 (1978), 183-221; Lancelot Hogben, scientific
humanist : an unauthorized autobiography edited by Adrian and Anne Hogben (Woodbridge 1998).
Custodial history:
Original material received for cataloguing in 1979 and 1981
from Mrs K.A. Lloyd and Professor G.P. Wells, author of the Royal Society
memoir of Hogben; first supplementary material received for cataloguing in 1991
from Mrs Catherine Stoye, daughter of Wells; second supplementary material
received for cataloguing in September and December 1994 from Mrs Kathleen
Lloyd. Placed in Birmingham University Library in 1981, 1991 and 1995
respectively.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
Original material: The frequent changes of location in
Hogben's career do much to explain the paucity of the remaining records. Thus,
although several of Hogben's interests such as mathematics, statistics,
language, and popular education are represented in the papers, there is little
substantial scientific material, and virtually no correspondence despite his
known long acquaintance with many leading figures in scientific and political
life. There are, however, his unpublished 'Interglossa Dictionary', and drafts
for a projected work 'Mathematics with the machine' and for his
autobiographical writings 'Look Back with Laughter' and 'Professional
Reminiscences'.
First supplementary material: The supplementary papers were assembled by
Wells while preparing his Royal Society memoir, and include Wells's
correspondence with Hogben's family, friends and colleagues, his notes and
drafts for the memoir, and printed and duplicated background material.
Second supplementary material: The material includes further drafts of the
autobiography left unfinished by Hogben at his death (subsequently published as
Lancelot Hogben, scientific humanist : an unauthorized autobiography
edited by Adrian and Anne Hogben (Woodbridge
1998), and the 'Hogben files' of his literary agent Helga Greene which add
considerably to the documentation of his role as a scientific populariser.
Arrangement
By section as follows: Biographical and personal, Notes and
working papers, Drafts and publications, Correspondence. Index of correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
A Special Collections manuscript reader's card is required for access to all
the archives and mansucript collections. Cards are issued on
production of a letter of introduction and recommendation from a person of
recognised position. Booking is not required but it is advisable to make
contact in advance of any visit. Email: special-collections@bham.ac.uk.
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed Catalogues of papers and correspondence of Lancelot Thomas
Hogben: CSAC catalogue no. 78/2/81, 14pp, NCUACS supplementary catalogue no.
29/5/91, 14pp and NCUACS supplementary catalogue no. 53/2/95, 16 pp.
Copies available from NCUACS, University
of Bath
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Hudson, Robert George Spencer, 1897-1965, and the
Palaeontological Association.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Reference
code: GB 0060 PA
Repository:
Museum Archives, Natural History Museum,
London.
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Robert George Spencer Hudson, 1897-1965, and the
Palaeontological Association.
Dates
of creation of material: 1956-1963.
Level
of description: Fonds
Extent:
5 boxes (including later material, see Allied Materials below)
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Hudson was born in Rugby and
educated at the Lawrence Sheriffe School,
Rugby and University College, London
where he read geology, 1918-1920. He saw service with the army during the First
World War. He was Assistant Lecturer, Lecturer and Professor of Geology,
University of Leeds, 1922-1940, Geologist and Palaeontologist with the Iraq
Petroleum Company, 1946-1958, and Professor of Geology, Trinity
College, Dublin from 1961. Hudson's
research interests were Carboniferous palaeontology, stratigraphy and sedimentation
in the North of England, especially Yorkshire, and the geology and
palaeontology of the Middle East. He was
elected FRS in 1961.
The Palaeontological Association developed from the initiative of a group of
young palaeontologists who had begun to meet at a Dining Club at the Gardenia
Restaurant, London,
early in 1955. Hudson
was invited to join the group and played an important part in the early
organisation and financing of the Association. An interim Committee was formed
with Hudson as Chairman, and after a public
discussion meeting on 30 January 1956 (also chaired by Hudson), the Inaugural Meeting was held on 27
February 1957. Hudson
served as the first President of the Association, 1957-1959.
Custodial history
Received for cataloguing in 1978-1979 from Dr W.S. McKerrow,
a founder member of the Palaeontological Association. Transferred to the
Musuem Archives in 1996
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The material consists of the papers of Hudson relating to the Association, which
were in his charge, and additional papers supplied by other officers of the
Association. There are correspondence, memoranda and reports on the formation,
funding and early years of the Association and its journal, Palaeontology.
Arrangement:
By section as follows: Correspondence and papers October
1956-March 1963, Reports and correspondence on manuscripts submitted for Palaeontology,
Minutes, circulars and printed material. Index of correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Contact the repository for information.
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Robert George
Spencer Hudson, CSAC catalogue no. 66/4/79, 30 pp. Copies available from
NCUACS, University
of Bath
ALLIED MATERIALS
In same repository
Palaeontological Association. Editorial files of the
Association were deposited in 1995 (available for research in 2005); financial
and publication papers deposited in 1998 (also available in 2005). five boxes.
Local reference code PA.
Hunter, Herbert, 1882-1959. Agricultural scientist.
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Rural History Centre, Reading
University. Reference
code: GB 0007 D77/26
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Herbert Hunter, 1882-1959.
Dates
of creation of material: 1898-1959.
Extent:
3 boxes
CONTEXT
Biographical history
Hunter graduated in 1903 from Leeds University
where he was one of the first two students to take the B.Sc. in Agriculture. He
was then appointed officer in charge of the barley investigations being
conducted by the Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction in Ireland. It was
during his work in Ireland
that Hunter developed the Spratt-Archer variety of barley, which was for many
years the most widely grown malting barley in Britain. In 1919 he was appointed
Head of the Plant Breeding Division of the Ministry of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, and in 1923 moved to Cambridge to join R.H.
Biffen, T.B. Wood and F.L. Engledow in the Plant Breeding Institute of the
University School of Agriculture. Hunter became Director of the Plant Breeding
Institute in 1936, and during the Second World War, also served as the Director
of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany in Cambridge. After his retirement from the
Plant Breeding Institute in 1946, Hunter served as President of the Council of
the National Institute of Agricultural Botany for three years, 1951-1953.
Custodial history
Received for cataloguing in 1975 and 1977 from Miss Margaret
Hunter, daughter. Placed in Rural Hisotry Centre in 1977.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The papers are mainly of a biographical and personal nature.
There are Hunter's reminiscences of colleagues and friends, and his collected
press-cuttings which document the dramatic changes in plant breeding, crop
production and the brewing industry during the first half of the twentieth
century. There are a few notebooks and working files, and a little scientific
correspondence, chiefly relating to the barley work. There is a notebook of the
undergraduate lecture notes on soil which Hunter took at Leeds University.
There is also the unpublished manuscript of Hunter's last book, 'Oats, Barley,
Cultivation, Utilisation'.
Arrangement
By section as follows: Biographical and personal,
Reminiscences, Notebooks and working papers, Correspondence, Publications.
Index of correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Open access.
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Herbert Hunter, CSAC
catalogue no. 54/8/77, 10 pp. Copies available from NCUACS, University of Bath
ALLIED MATERIALS
In same repository
Copies of published work by Hunter: The Barley Crop
(1926 and 1952 edns) and Recent Advances in Agricultural Plant Breeding
(1933).
Hutchison, Sir (William) Kenneth, 1903-1989. Knight. Engineer
IDENTITY STATEMENT
Repository:
Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge. Reference code: GB 0014 HTSN
Title:
Papers and correspondence of Sir (William) Kenneth Hutchison, 1903-1989.
Dates
of creation of material: 1900-1989
Extent:
9 boxes
CONTEXT
Biographical history
William Kenneth Hutchison was born on 30 October 1903 in Assam, India, where his father managed a
tea garden. After the death of his mother in 1906 he was brought up in Scotland where he attended the Edinburgh Academy
as a day boy. In 1922 he obtained a scholarship in natural sciences at Corpus Christi College,
Oxford, and
after his third year examinations, Hutchison spent his research year as C.N.
Hinshelwood’s personal research assistant investigating the decomposition
of acetone. Several publications resulted from this research, and he
graduated with First Class Honours in Chemistry, but Hutchison decided against
an academic career and turned instead to industry.
In 1926 he joined the Gas Light and Coke Company as a research chemist,
working to improve the performance of existing gasworks plant. After
several years Hutchison moved to the company’s Fulham Laboratory as a
Senior Chemist. During the mid-1930s he took a leading role in the design
and construction of a new benzole plant at Kensal Green. The plant began
operating in 1937 with immediate success, and Hutchison’s work on it was
recognised in 1942 with the award of the Moulton Medal of the Institution of
Chemical Engineers. Hutchison was seconded to the Air Ministry’s
Directorate of Hydrogen Production in January 1941 as an Assistant Director and
in June 1942 succeeded Viscount Ridley as Director. The Directorate’s
main task was to organise the manufacture and supply of hydrogen to support the
balloon barrages flying over major cities and other significant targets.
In January 1944 Hutchison took on wider responsibilities with appointment as
Director of Compressed Gases and saw to it that there was an effective supply
system to meet the demands of British and American aircraft for high flying
oxygen.
In 1945 he returned to work for the Gas Light and Coke Company. He was
appointed Controller of By-products in December 1945 and in late 1946 became a
Managing Director of the Company and a member of its Court of Directors.
Following the nationalisation of the industry, Hutchison was appointed Chairman
of the South Eastern Gas Board. Hutchison was also made a founder member of the
newly constituted Gas Council (Deputy Chairman 1960-1966). During the
1950s and 1960s Hutchison played a crucial role in transforming the fortunes of
the gas industry. This was partly done by embracing oil rather than coal
as the industry’s raw material in order to make production cheaper and
less capital intensive. As well as encouraging technological
developments, such as the shipment of liquid natural gas to the United Kingdom,
Hutchison also took important steps to increase gas sales by promoting the idea
of whole-house heating. He took on the task of improving the gas
industry’s public image with a successful national advertising
campaign which promoted ‘High Speed Gas’. He was also a
driving force behind the Council’s active involvement in seismic surveys
in the North Sea, which led to the discovery
of significant natural gas reserves.
At the end of 1966 Hutchison retired from the gas industry, although he did
work as a consultant to the oil company, Amoco from 1967 to 1975. A large
part of Hutchison’s retirement was taken up with the writing of his
autobiography, which was published in 1987 as High Speed Gas. He died on
28 November 1989.
Hutchison was elected FRS in 1966 and FEng in 1976. He was knighted in
1962.
Custodial history
Received for cataloging in August 1997 from Mr D.R. Martin
to whom they were bequeathed by Hutchison. Placed in Churchill Archives
Centre in 1999.
CONTENT HISTORY
Scope and content summary
The largest group of papers relate to the writing of
Hutchison’s autobiography, High Speed Gas. There are drafts
of his autobiographical writings and some correspondence regarding the
book’s publication but the bulk of the material is made up of
Hutchison’s working papers, which include typescript drafts, original
source material, correspondence with friends, family and former colleagues and
copies of some of his articles, lectures and speeches. The original
source material includes Hutchison family letters from the early 1900s and a
little correspondence relating to Hutchison’s war work. There is
also photographic material relating to the autobiography. There are
chronological series of speeches and lectures, 1948-1971 and published
articles, 1960-1985. The material relating to Hutchison’s articles
includes newspaper cuttings of his articles for the Financial Times on gas
industry developments, written as Deputy Chairman of the Gas Council.
There is also correspondence and papers relating to a Royal Society
biographical memoir of F.J. Dent and a paper on the history of the gas industry
for Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, both written during his
retirement. There is a very little visits and conferences material
between 1961 and 1972.
Arrangement
By section as follows: Autobiographical, Lectures, speeches and
articles, Visits and conferences. Index of correspondents.
CONDITIONS OF ACCESS & USE
Access:
Readers intending to use the Archives Centre must write in advance to the
Keeper of the Archives giving details of their research subject and listing the
collections they will wish to consult. New readers should also provide a letter
of introduction and some form of identification (such as a passport or driving
licence).
Language:
English
Finding
aids: Printed catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Sir (William)
Kenneth Hutchison, NCUACS catalogue no.80/1/99, 49 pp. Copies available
from NCUACS, University
of Bath
Last updated 13 January 2005. T.E.Powell@bath.ac.uk