Aims & Learning Objectives:
Aims: To provide a detailed understanding, in terms of application and operating principles, of the main types of relay used for the protection of transmission systems.
Objectives:
After successfully completing this unit students will be able to: analyse transducers through their equivalent circuits, apply and coordinate overcurrent relays, apply distance protection under varying system conditions, apply current differential protection and appreciate the communications requirements, calculate the settings for autoreclose relays, explain the advantages and operation of modern numeric relays.
Content:
Introduction; Transducers: Voltage transformers, current transformers, capacitor voltage transformers; Overcurrent Relays: IDMTL overcurrent relays, instantaneous overcurrent relays; Distance Protection: impedance measurement, three phase distance protection schemes, directional earth fault schemes; Current Differential Protection: fundamental principles, summation arrangements, phase comparison carrier protection, communications media; Autoreclose for Transmission Systems: main causes of transmission faults, transient and permanent faults, fault clearance, circuit breaker operation, auto reclosing relays; Numeric Protection: microprocessors, relay hardware, digital signal processing, distance protection, differential protection.
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