• place, direction: 从/自 from, 向/往/朝 towards, 在/于 at (于 is used more in a literary context.)

我在咖啡馆里等你。 I will wait for you at the café. (lit. I | at | café | inside | wait for you.)
Note that 在 is used to specify the location. The combination of 在 and 里 changes the meaning of 咖啡馆 to a location (i.e. inside a café).

你是从哪儿打来的呀？ Where are you ringing from?

• time: 从 from，自从 since，到 until，当 when，在/于 at

他想在英国找工作之前先去中国工作一段时间。 He wants to work in China for a while before looking for a job in England. (lit. …at | looking for a job in England | (the time) before…)

• complementation: 跟 to，对/对于 towards，给 by, 关于 about，把 'ba'， 连 even，同 with，和 to, 为 /为了/给 for

他们对你在中国的经历一定很感兴趣。 They must be interested in your experiences in China.

我这次打电话是为了我的一个朋友。 I am ringing this time for a friend of mine.

• cause: 由于 because of

我下个月由于工作的关系要去一次中国。 I need to go to China because of work.

• manner: 按照 according to， 根据 according to， 以 according to, 除 apart from, in addition to， 除了 apart from, in addition to

我会根据这个日程安排陪她在上海玩儿。 I'll show her around Shanghai according to this itinerary.

除了星期四，其他时间我都可以同你见面。 Apart from Thursday, I can meet you on any day.

• comparison: 比 compared with, 同/跟/和 with (used in equal comparison)

我现在比以前忙多了。 I am a lot busier than (lit. compared with) before.

我现在的工作同以前差不多。 My work now is about the same as (lit. with) before.

• a passive agent: 被/叫/让 by

我的车被一个朋友借去了。 My car has been borrowed by a friend.